Ch 30 Funds
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| The term ___________________refers to intestine | bowel
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| ____________________ _____________________ is the excretion of solid waste | bowel elimination
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| ____________________ is the process that involves processing nutrients | digestion
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| another name for waste matter is ________________ | stool
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| a ______________________ is an alternative for waste elimination when there is disease of the intestine | ostomy
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| a(n) ________________ is a opening of the intestine for outflow | ostomy
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| The ___________________________ intestine consists of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum | small
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| liquefied food and digestive juices is called ________ | chyme
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| the small intestine attaches at the large intestine at the ________ | cecum
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| the _____________valve controls the progress of substances into the large intestine | ilecocecal
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| the large intestine has how many main sections | four
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| the first section of the large intestine is the ___________ | ascending colon
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| the second section of the large intestine is the _________ | transverse colon
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| the third section of the large intestine is the __________ | descending colon
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| the fourth and final main section of the large intestine is the ______ | sigmoid colon
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| the large intestine is ________ inches long or _______ meters long | 59 inches or 1.5 meters
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| the distal portion of the large intestine where feces are stored is the ________ | rectum
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| the opening of the rectum at the skin is the_________ | anus
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| the walls of the intestines have how many layers ? | 4
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| the four layers of the intestines are (list them) | mucosa, submucosa, muscular, serous (serosa)
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| the __________intestine processes chyme into a more liquid state | small
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| food substances are absorbed into the blood stream from the intestine via what structures? | villi
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| water, sodium and chloride are reabsorbed in what part of the intestine? | large intestine
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| waste material is propelled into the anus from what part of the intestine ? (large? or small?) | large intestine
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| ___________ is extracted in the large intestine during transit of waste product | water
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| wavelike movement through the intestine is called ______ | peristalsis
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| gas is formed by what action in the intestines? | bacterial
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| what structures/anatomy assists chyme to move through the intestine ? | contraction and expansion of : circular, longitudinal, and oblique muscle layers
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| what causes the rumbling noise of bowel sounds ? | movement of liquid and gas
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| how long does it take for food to move from the mouth to anus ? | 18 to 72 hours
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| where are feces stored before they move into the rectum ? | sigmoid colon
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| as the rectum fills pressure from what structure increases until the urge to defecate occurs ? | sphincter
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| __________________ muscles outside of the digestive system contract to help force evacuation of the rectum | abdominal
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| the _________sphincter is located at the top of the anal canal is under INVOLUNTARY control | internal anal
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| the ____________________sphincter is located at the end of the anal canal and is controlled VOLUNTARILY | external anal
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| the _____________________ reflex initiates peristalsis | gastrocolic
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| how can reflex emptying of the rectum be stopped ? | by tightening the voluntary anal sphincter
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| ____________ pressure increases when a person holds their breath, closes the glottis and tightens the abdominal muscles | valsalva
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| the ________________ _____________________________ attaches to the cecum of the ascending colon and has no known function | vermiform appendix
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| as a person ages the _________ in the small intestine atrophy causing less absorptive surface | villi
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| solid waste material consists of ______________% dead bacteria and ________________% undigested roughage | 30 , 70
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| Normal stool is what color? | light to dark brown
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| what is the consistency of normal stool in adults ? | soft formed
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| infant stool may be what color and what consistency? | dark yellow, unformed
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| the color of stool is caused by what digestive fluid? | bile
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| what diameter is stool usually (in inches) ? also known as caliber | 1"
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| hidden blood in stool is known as __________ blood | occult
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| old blood in the stool is usually what color? | dark black
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| what should a nurse do if stool presents with blood in it? | report promptly and document
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| an enlarged vein inside or just outside the rectum is known as what ? | hemorrhoid
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| what conditions can cause blood in the stool ? | inflammation, irritation
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| bright red blood in the stool is a sign of ________________ in the ________intestine | recent GI bleed , large
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| blood that comes from the _____________intestine or _________ and undergoes partial digestion is ____________ in color | small , stomach, dark black (tarry)
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| pale or white stool indicates absence of what in the intestine? | bile
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| the bile arrives in the intestine via what structure? | common bile duct
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| stools with abnormally high fat content and are foul smelling is called ________________- | steatorrhea
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| steatorrhea causes stools to do what in water ? | float
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| the most common parasites in the intestines are (3): | tapeworm, pinworm, roundworm
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| the anal area of a child will itch when they are infected with what parasite? | pinworms
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| the first sign of colorectal cancer is: | change in bowel pattern and stool characteristics
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| colonoscopy screening begins at what age normally? | 50
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| an absence or reduction in preistaltic movement of the boewl results in a __________________ bowel sound | hypoactive
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| hypoactive bowel sounds is MOST often caused by______ | immobility
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| a person may develop a _______________ ___________________ post operatively | paralytic ileus
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| lack of sufficient dietary ______________ may result in hypoactive bowels | fiber
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| decreased frequency of bowel movements or passage of hard feces is known as __________________ | constipation
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| in constipation feces tend to back up into what structure ? | colon
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| lack of muscle tone may contribute to what bowel disorder? | constipation
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| worry, anxiety and fear may cause what bowel disorder? | constipation
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| __________________ ____________________ slow peristalsis by depressing CNS activity (often used during surgeries) | general anesthetics
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| codeine, morphine and meperidine are examples of what drug class that contribute to constipation? | narcotics
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| _______________ rid the body of fluid and can contribute to constipation | diuretics
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| _____________________ drug class alters CNS activity and have a drying effect and are used for depression. | antidepressants
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| _____________________ interfere with muscle activation, causing decreased tone in and motility of the GI tract and have drying effects | anticholinergics
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| ______________ ________________ ____________________ cause a blockade of certain channels and affect smooth muscle contraction contributing to constipation | calcium channel blockers
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| a patient restricted to ______________ rest is at risk for constipation | bed
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| ______________ XRay puts a patient at significant risk for constipation | barium
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| abdominal distention is caused by _______________ accumulation in the intestinal tract when peristalsis is reduced | flatus
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| discomfort and pain in the abdomen when there is distention is caused by what ? | stretching of the intestinal wall and spasm of muscle layers
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| Older adults who live alone tend to eat more ______________ foods and _______________ convenience foods and do not take in sufficient fiber | processed, convenience
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| many older adults decrease fluid intake to avoid what ? | urinary urgency or stress incontinence
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| Mineral oil taken by older adults to aid in evacuation should be told mineral oil interferes with what ? | vitamin absorption
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| _____________ _________________ is when the rectum and sigmoid colon become filled with hardened fecal material | fecal impaction
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| colace, surfak, miralx belong to what drug class ? | stool softener
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| fibercon, metamucil and citrucel belong to what drug class ? | bulk forming
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| dulcolax, senokot, ex lax are what type of laxative? | irritant / stimulant
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| citrate magnesia, magnesium hydroxide, phospho soda belong to what drug class ? | saline laxatives
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| lomotil, immodium and motofen are classified as what type of drugs? | antidiarrheals
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| increased motility of the GI tract results in what type of bowel ? | hyperactive
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| patients who have gastric bypass may experience ____________ | diarrhea
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| ___________occurs when increased peristalsis pushes food through the intestinal tract too quickly | diarrhea
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| ___________ may occur to rid the body of toxins from spoiled food | diarrhea
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| diarrhea can lead to temporary lack of control of bowel movements known as _____________ _________________ | fecal incontinence
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| consumption of tea, coffee or soda contributes to what condition ? | dehydration
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| _______________ ___________________ is accomplished by consuming clear liquids and avoiding solid food for a day or two | bowel rest
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| resumption of foods following bowel rests starts with what type of diet ? | bland, low fiber
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| having a bowel movement every 2 or 3 days is ......normal or abnormal for some people | normal
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| what is the order of the physical data gathering for an abdominal evaluation ? | observe, auscultate, percuss, palpate
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| loud hyperactive sounds are called ________ | borborygmi (bore-bore-ig-mee)
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| _______________________ is when an abdomen is round and tighter | distention
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| areas of gas that are present in the abdomen will sound like what on percussion? | hollow , drum-like
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| when the patient has not experienced a bowel movement in _______days measures should be taken to assist | 3
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| ___________ _____________ such as glycerin and bisacodyl promote evacuation | rectal suppositories
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| How do rectal suppositories promote elimination ? | stimulating inner surface of intestine, forming gas to expand the rectum, melting lubricating to coat stool for easier passage
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| introduction of fluid into the rectum by means of a tube is called a(n) _________________ | enema
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| a ____________________ enema is given when the bowel is to be examined by Xray, colonoscopy etc. | cleansing
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| the volume of the cleansing enema is for an infant or toddler is what range in mls ? | 50-150
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| the volume of a cleansing enema for a child age 3 to 5 is what range in mls ? | 200 - 300
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| the volume of a cleansing enema for a school age child is what range in mls? | 300-500
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| the volume of a cleansing enema for an adult is what range in mls ? | 500-1000
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| a disposable enema small volume may be referred to as a "_______" enema (brand name) | Fleet
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| a __________ lubricating enema may be indicated for constipation | oil-retention
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| how many milliliters of an oil-retention enema is administered to an adult ? | 120-180mls
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| how long should an oil retention enema be retained ? | at least 20 minutes
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| what temperature should enema solution be prior to administering ? | room temp or slightly warmed
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| how many mls does a disposable enema generally contain ? | 240 mls
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| what position is the position of preference for enema administration ? | LEFT Sims
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| according to QSEN safety the enema should be what temp? | 105
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| according to QSEN safety the enema temperature can be tested by what method ? | bath thermometer or tested on inner wrist
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| What is the reasoning behind LEFT sims position for enemas ? | to allow for normal flow into the rectum and descending colon
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| when a patient is uncomfortable from gas in the lower bowel a ________ ____________ can be inserted into the anus | rectal tube
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| True or False with an ileostomy a diet low in protein is recommended | false - HIGH protein
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| True or False creamy peanut butter and potatoes with the skin control are good to control diarrhea | False - potatoes WITHOUT the skin
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| True or False bananas soften the consistency of stool | False
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| True or False Beans and eggs increase stool odor | True
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| True or False Beets and yogurt reduce stool odor | True
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| measurement for the ostomy opening of the faceplate to the bag/pouch should be ___________-- larger than the stoma | 1/4 inch
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| if the stoma opening for the ostomy pouch is too small what happens ? | restricts blood flow
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| How long does a bowel training program take on average ? | 2 to 3 months or longer
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| what does a pale or dusky stoma indicate | compromised blood flow
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Created by:
Kelly Quijano
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