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Bowel Elim 2018
Ch 30 Funds
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The term ___________________refers to intestine | bowel |
| ____________________ _____________________ is the excretion of solid waste | bowel elimination |
| ____________________ is the process that involves processing nutrients | digestion |
| another name for waste matter is ________________ | stool |
| a ______________________ is an alternative for waste elimination when there is disease of the intestine | ostomy |
| a(n) ________________ is a opening of the intestine for outflow | ostomy |
| The ___________________________ intestine consists of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum | small |
| liquefied food and digestive juices is called ________ | chyme |
| the small intestine attaches at the large intestine at the ________ | cecum |
| the _____________valve controls the progress of substances into the large intestine | ilecocecal |
| the large intestine has how many main sections | four |
| the first section of the large intestine is the ___________ | ascending colon |
| the second section of the large intestine is the _________ | transverse colon |
| the third section of the large intestine is the __________ | descending colon |
| the fourth and final main section of the large intestine is the ______ | sigmoid colon |
| the large intestine is ________ inches long or _______ meters long | 59 inches or 1.5 meters |
| the distal portion of the large intestine where feces are stored is the ________ | rectum |
| the opening of the rectum at the skin is the_________ | anus |
| the walls of the intestines have how many layers ? | 4 |
| the four layers of the intestines are (list them) | mucosa, submucosa, muscular, serous (serosa) |
| the __________intestine processes chyme into a more liquid state | small |
| food substances are absorbed into the blood stream from the intestine via what structures? | villi |
| water, sodium and chloride are reabsorbed in what part of the intestine? | large intestine |
| waste material is propelled into the anus from what part of the intestine ? (large? or small?) | large intestine |
| ___________ is extracted in the large intestine during transit of waste product | water |
| wavelike movement through the intestine is called ______ | peristalsis |
| gas is formed by what action in the intestines? | bacterial |
| what structures/anatomy assists chyme to move through the intestine ? | contraction and expansion of : circular, longitudinal, and oblique muscle layers |
| what causes the rumbling noise of bowel sounds ? | movement of liquid and gas |
| how long does it take for food to move from the mouth to anus ? | 18 to 72 hours |
| where are feces stored before they move into the rectum ? | sigmoid colon |
| as the rectum fills pressure from what structure increases until the urge to defecate occurs ? | sphincter |
| __________________ muscles outside of the digestive system contract to help force evacuation of the rectum | abdominal |
| the _________sphincter is located at the top of the anal canal is under INVOLUNTARY control | internal anal |
| the ____________________sphincter is located at the end of the anal canal and is controlled VOLUNTARILY | external anal |
| the _____________________ reflex initiates peristalsis | gastrocolic |
| how can reflex emptying of the rectum be stopped ? | by tightening the voluntary anal sphincter |
| ____________ pressure increases when a person holds their breath, closes the glottis and tightens the abdominal muscles | valsalva |
| the ________________ _____________________________ attaches to the cecum of the ascending colon and has no known function | vermiform appendix |
| as a person ages the _________ in the small intestine atrophy causing less absorptive surface | villi |
| solid waste material consists of ______________% dead bacteria and ________________% undigested roughage | 30 , 70 |
| Normal stool is what color? | light to dark brown |
| what is the consistency of normal stool in adults ? | soft formed |
| infant stool may be what color and what consistency? | dark yellow, unformed |
| the color of stool is caused by what digestive fluid? | bile |
| what diameter is stool usually (in inches) ? also known as caliber | 1" |
| hidden blood in stool is known as __________ blood | occult |
| old blood in the stool is usually what color? | dark black |
| what should a nurse do if stool presents with blood in it? | report promptly and document |
| an enlarged vein inside or just outside the rectum is known as what ? | hemorrhoid |
| what conditions can cause blood in the stool ? | inflammation, irritation |
| bright red blood in the stool is a sign of ________________ in the ________intestine | recent GI bleed , large |
| blood that comes from the _____________intestine or _________ and undergoes partial digestion is ____________ in color | small , stomach, dark black (tarry) |
| pale or white stool indicates absence of what in the intestine? | bile |
| the bile arrives in the intestine via what structure? | common bile duct |
| stools with abnormally high fat content and are foul smelling is called ________________- | steatorrhea |
| steatorrhea causes stools to do what in water ? | float |
| the most common parasites in the intestines are (3): | tapeworm, pinworm, roundworm |
| the anal area of a child will itch when they are infected with what parasite? | pinworms |
| the first sign of colorectal cancer is: | change in bowel pattern and stool characteristics |
| colonoscopy screening begins at what age normally? | 50 |
| an absence or reduction in preistaltic movement of the boewl results in a __________________ bowel sound | hypoactive |
| hypoactive bowel sounds is MOST often caused by______ | immobility |
| a person may develop a _______________ ___________________ post operatively | paralytic ileus |
| lack of sufficient dietary ______________ may result in hypoactive bowels | fiber |
| decreased frequency of bowel movements or passage of hard feces is known as __________________ | constipation |
| in constipation feces tend to back up into what structure ? | colon |
| lack of muscle tone may contribute to what bowel disorder? | constipation |
| worry, anxiety and fear may cause what bowel disorder? | constipation |
| __________________ ____________________ slow peristalsis by depressing CNS activity (often used during surgeries) | general anesthetics |
| codeine, morphine and meperidine are examples of what drug class that contribute to constipation? | narcotics |
| _______________ rid the body of fluid and can contribute to constipation | diuretics |
| _____________________ drug class alters CNS activity and have a drying effect and are used for depression. | antidepressants |
| _____________________ interfere with muscle activation, causing decreased tone in and motility of the GI tract and have drying effects | anticholinergics |
| ______________ ________________ ____________________ cause a blockade of certain channels and affect smooth muscle contraction contributing to constipation | calcium channel blockers |
| a patient restricted to ______________ rest is at risk for constipation | bed |
| ______________ XRay puts a patient at significant risk for constipation | barium |
| abdominal distention is caused by _______________ accumulation in the intestinal tract when peristalsis is reduced | flatus |
| discomfort and pain in the abdomen when there is distention is caused by what ? | stretching of the intestinal wall and spasm of muscle layers |
| Older adults who live alone tend to eat more ______________ foods and _______________ convenience foods and do not take in sufficient fiber | processed, convenience |
| many older adults decrease fluid intake to avoid what ? | urinary urgency or stress incontinence |
| Mineral oil taken by older adults to aid in evacuation should be told mineral oil interferes with what ? | vitamin absorption |
| _____________ _________________ is when the rectum and sigmoid colon become filled with hardened fecal material | fecal impaction |
| colace, surfak, miralx belong to what drug class ? | stool softener |
| fibercon, metamucil and citrucel belong to what drug class ? | bulk forming |
| dulcolax, senokot, ex lax are what type of laxative? | irritant / stimulant |
| citrate magnesia, magnesium hydroxide, phospho soda belong to what drug class ? | saline laxatives |
| lomotil, immodium and motofen are classified as what type of drugs? | antidiarrheals |
| increased motility of the GI tract results in what type of bowel ? | hyperactive |
| patients who have gastric bypass may experience ____________ | diarrhea |
| ___________occurs when increased peristalsis pushes food through the intestinal tract too quickly | diarrhea |
| ___________ may occur to rid the body of toxins from spoiled food | diarrhea |
| diarrhea can lead to temporary lack of control of bowel movements known as _____________ _________________ | fecal incontinence |
| consumption of tea, coffee or soda contributes to what condition ? | dehydration |
| _______________ ___________________ is accomplished by consuming clear liquids and avoiding solid food for a day or two | bowel rest |
| resumption of foods following bowel rests starts with what type of diet ? | bland, low fiber |
| having a bowel movement every 2 or 3 days is ......normal or abnormal for some people | normal |
| what is the order of the physical data gathering for an abdominal evaluation ? | observe, auscultate, percuss, palpate |
| loud hyperactive sounds are called ________ | borborygmi (bore-bore-ig-mee) |
| _______________________ is when an abdomen is round and tighter | distention |
| areas of gas that are present in the abdomen will sound like what on percussion? | hollow , drum-like |
| when the patient has not experienced a bowel movement in _______days measures should be taken to assist | 3 |
| ___________ _____________ such as glycerin and bisacodyl promote evacuation | rectal suppositories |
| How do rectal suppositories promote elimination ? | stimulating inner surface of intestine, forming gas to expand the rectum, melting lubricating to coat stool for easier passage |
| introduction of fluid into the rectum by means of a tube is called a(n) _________________ | enema |
| a ____________________ enema is given when the bowel is to be examined by Xray, colonoscopy etc. | cleansing |
| the volume of the cleansing enema is for an infant or toddler is what range in mls ? | 50-150 |
| the volume of a cleansing enema for a child age 3 to 5 is what range in mls ? | 200 - 300 |
| the volume of a cleansing enema for a school age child is what range in mls? | 300-500 |
| the volume of a cleansing enema for an adult is what range in mls ? | 500-1000 |
| a disposable enema small volume may be referred to as a "_______" enema (brand name) | Fleet |
| a __________ lubricating enema may be indicated for constipation | oil-retention |
| how many milliliters of an oil-retention enema is administered to an adult ? | 120-180mls |
| how long should an oil retention enema be retained ? | at least 20 minutes |
| what temperature should enema solution be prior to administering ? | room temp or slightly warmed |
| how many mls does a disposable enema generally contain ? | 240 mls |
| what position is the position of preference for enema administration ? | LEFT Sims |
| according to QSEN safety the enema should be what temp? | 105 |
| according to QSEN safety the enema temperature can be tested by what method ? | bath thermometer or tested on inner wrist |
| What is the reasoning behind LEFT sims position for enemas ? | to allow for normal flow into the rectum and descending colon |
| when a patient is uncomfortable from gas in the lower bowel a ________ ____________ can be inserted into the anus | rectal tube |
| True or False with an ileostomy a diet low in protein is recommended | false - HIGH protein |
| True or False creamy peanut butter and potatoes with the skin control are good to control diarrhea | False - potatoes WITHOUT the skin |
| True or False bananas soften the consistency of stool | False |
| True or False Beans and eggs increase stool odor | True |
| True or False Beets and yogurt reduce stool odor | True |
| measurement for the ostomy opening of the faceplate to the bag/pouch should be ___________-- larger than the stoma | 1/4 inch |
| if the stoma opening for the ostomy pouch is too small what happens ? | restricts blood flow |
| How long does a bowel training program take on average ? | 2 to 3 months or longer |
| what does a pale or dusky stoma indicate | compromised blood flow |
Created by:
Kelly Quijano
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