Module 10 study guide
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Define: Ecology | The study of the interactions between living and nonliving things
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| Define: Population | A group of interbreeding organisms coexisting together
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| Define: Community | A group of populations living and interacting in the same area
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| Define: Ecosystem | An association of living organisms and their physical environment
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| Define: Biome | A group of ecosystems classified by climate and plant life
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| Define: Primary Consumor | An organism that eats producers
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| Define: Secondary consumer | An organism that eats primary consumers
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| Define: Tertiary consumer | An organism that eats secondary consumers
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| Define: Ecological pyramid | A diagram that shows the biomass of organisms at each trophic level
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| Define: Biomass | A measure of the total dry mass of organisms within a particular region
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| Define: Transpiration | Evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant
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| Define: Watershed | An ecosystem where all water runoff drains into a single body of water
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| Define: Greenhouse Effect | The process by which certain gases (principally water vapor, carbon dioxide,
and methane) trap heat that would otherwise escape the earth and radiate into space
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| When fruits or vegetables are imported into the U.S. from a foreign country, they are always very closely inspected for insects, even though the vast majority of insects are not really harmful. Why is the inspection done? | If an insect not native to the U.S. were carried into the country through foreign fruits and
vegetables, it could ruin the balance of the U.S. ecosystem.
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| Name the participants in the three new symbiotic relationships that we learned in this module. | Clownfish & sea anemone;
Goby & blind shrimp;
Oriental sweetlips & blue-streak wrasse
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| What fundamental assumption of macroevolution does mutualism seem to contradict? | Mutualism seems to contradict the idea that organisms always battle for survival.
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| In the water cycle of an ocean shore ecosystem, more water evaporates from the ocean than falls back into the ocean in the form of rain. Why doesn’t the ocean lose water? | The ocean does not lose water because the land gets the excess water, and that excess water flows
back into the ocean via surface runoff (or as runoff from a river or stream).
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| What does the water cycle accomplish besides balancing the water in an ecosystem? | It transports nutrients with an ecosystem and even from one ecosystem to another.
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| What is the possible consequence if deforestation occurs in a watershed? | If too many trees and plants are removed from a watershed, too many nutrients will flow into the
river or stream, throwing off the ecosystem.
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| What is the principal means by which oxygen is taken from the air? What is the principal means by which it is restored to the air? | Oxygen is taken from the air principally by respiration and is restored principally by
photosynthesis.
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| Name the other ways that oxygen is removed from the air. | Oxygen is also removed from the air by fire, ozone formation, and the rusting of metals and
minerals.
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| Name the other ways that oxygen is replenished in the air. | Oxygen is also restored by ozone destruction and water vapor destruction.
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| Name the ways in which carbon dioxide is removed from the air. | Carbon dioxide leaves the air by photosynthesis and by dissolving in the ocean.
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| Name the ways in which carbon dioxide is replenished in the air. | Carbon dioxide enters the air via decomposition, fossil fuel burning, fire, and respiration.
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| What human activity worries those who think that global warming is a problem? | Fuel burning worries those who think that global warming is a problem, because it is a humanmade
way of adding more carbon dioxide to the air.
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| Is human-produced global warming occurring now? | No, all measurable data indicate that any warming which did take place occurred before humans
really started burning fuels in earnest.
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| What is nitrogen fixation? What type of organisms perform it? | Nitrogen fixation is the process by which nitrogen gas from the atmosphere is converted into
nitrogen-containing molecules that are useful to most of organisms in creation. Nitrogen-fixing
bacteria perform it.
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| What two ways does the nitrogen in organisms get put back into the environment? | Organisms emit some nitrogen in their wastes, and the rest is turned back into useful forms of
nitrogen by the decomposers that feed on their decaying remains.
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| Briefly describe the roles of each symbiotic relationship we learned about in this module. | cl. & s. a. - Clownfish is protected by sea anemone & attracts prey to it.
g. & b.s.- B. shrimp makes a home for the goby; & the latter protects the b. shrimp.
o.s. & b.s.w. - O. sweetlips gets his teeth cleaned by b.s. wrasse & provides food for it.
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