Animal Kingdom
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| What are some characteristics for an Animalia? | -Multicellular
-Eukaryotic with no cell walls
-Heterotrophs (consumers)
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| Ectoderm | A layer of cells on the outer surface of the gastrula (top); skin and tissue
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| Mesoderm | Made up of two layers of cells lying between the ectoderm and endodem (Middle layer); muscles, reproductive organs, and circulatory vessels
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| Endoderm | A layer of cells lining the inner surface of the gastrula (bottom); digestive tract
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| Protostomes | Animals that develop a mouth from gastrula space
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| Duterostomes | Animals that develop an anus from gastrula space
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| Asymmetrical | Irregular in shape
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| Symmetrical | Regular in shape
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| Radial symmetry | Can be divided along any plane into equal halves
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| Bilateral Symmetry | Can be divided only down it's length in half, creating a mirror image of each side
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| Acoelomates | Animals have three cell layers with a digestive tract but no body cavities
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| Pseudocoelomates | Animals with a fluid-filled body cavity partly liked with mesoderm
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| Coelomates | Animals with a body cavity completely surrounded by mesoderm
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| What are the 7 essential functions in animals? | The 7 functions are feeding, respiration, circulation, excretion, response, movement, and reproduction
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| What are the organization levels? | Cells, tissue, organs, and organ system
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| Exoskeleton | A hard, waxy coating on the outside of the body to protect the internal organs
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| Endoskeleton | A support framework within the body to protect the organs
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| Bony skeleton | Skeleton consisting of bone
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| Hydroskeleton | A fluid-filed cavity, the coelom, surrounded by muscles
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| Invertebrates | Animals lacking a backbone
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| Vertebrates | Animals with a backbone
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| What are the 5 subphylum vertebrata classes? | -Fish
-Amphibians
-Reptiles
-Birds
-Mammals
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| Where did the vertebrate jaw of a fish evolve from? | From the skeletal supports of pharyngeal slits
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| Bony fishes | Developed paired pelvic and pectoral fins attached to the pelvic girdles of cartilage or bone
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| Where did tetradpods evolve from? | They evolved from specialized fishes that inhabited in shallow water
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| Tetrapod | Developed lobed walking fins and breathed air by gulping out of the water (were amphibians)
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| Amphibians | Need to return to the water to lay eggs and for development of larvae
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| Amniotes | Includes reptiles, mammals, and birds. Evolution of their egg expanded the success of vertebrates on land
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| Testudines | Turtles - some species return to the water and all lay their eggs on land
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| Sphenodontia | Tuataras
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| Squamata | Lizards and snakes
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| Crocodilia | Crocodiles and alligators
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| What did birds start out as? | Birds began as feathered reptiles, then they evolved to fly
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| Endothermic | Use metabolic energy to generate heat
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| Wings | Flight enhanced the ability to hunt and savage, escape predators, and move with changing seasons
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| What does hair and subcutaneous fat do? | Help retain metabolic heat
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| Earliest mammals | Evolved from reptiles about 220 million years ago
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| Monotremes | Lay eggs and produce milk (no nipples)
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| Marsupials | Born early in embryonic development, climb to mother's pouch and attach to a nipple
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| Vertebrate brain | High degree of cephalization
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| Vertebrate movement | Have a backbone and two pairs of limbs that are attached to a basic supporting structure by limb girdles
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| Carnivores | Short digestive tracts with special enzymes that break down meat
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| Herbivores | Long intestines and stomachs with bacteria that break down cellulose
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| Single-loop circulatory system | Blood travels from the heart to the gills to the body and back to the heart
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| Double-loop circulatory system | -Heart to lungs
-Heart to body
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| Vertebrate excretion | -Excretory system eliminate nitrogenous wastes and regulate the amount of water in the body
-Most rely on kidneys for excretion
-Nitrogenous wastes are first produced in the form of ammonia
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| Vertebrate respiration | Aquatic vertebrates - use gills for respiration
Terrestrial Vertebrate - Use lungs to breathe
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Created by:
kieren1
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