Chlamydia/Rickettsia
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| Characteristics of both Chlamydia and Rickettsia | They both use ATP
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| Chlamydia trachomatis | Obilgate intracellular parasite. Require the biochemical resources of eukaryotic host cell to growth and replicate
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| What is the characteristic inclusion of Chlamydia trachomatis? | Reticulate bodies RB - replicative form
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| What is the infective form of inclusion bodies? | Elementary bodies - look like a bacillus. They are extracellular and inert
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| Developmental cycle of Chlamydia trachomatis | The Ebs bind cells and are phagocytized. In the cell Ebs become RBs. RBs replicate and inclusion may contain 100-500 bodies
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| What is the outer layer of the Chlamydia trachomatis cell wall? | lipopolysaccharide membrane - no peptidoglycan
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| Lab diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis | cytology - detect inclusions in epithelial cells and fluorescent antibody techniques/ Cell cultures of McCoy cells/ NAATs (most common)/ Serology
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| What are serovars? | serological variants, equivalent to serotypes
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| Subtypes A, B, Ba, C of Chlamydia trachomatis | cause Trachoma - inflammation of conjunctiva --> blindness
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| Subtypes L1, L2, L3 of Chlamydia trachomatis | cause Lymphogranuloma venereum a sexually transmitted disease
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| Subtypes D-K of Chlamydia trachomatis | cause Urethritis, infant pneumonia
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| Most common STD? | C.trachomatis - also major cause of PID
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| Natural habitat for C.trachomatis | humans: 25% men and 70-80% women
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| Transmission of C. trachomatis | sex or mother to infant during birth
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| Diagnosis of C. trachomatis | Cell cultures, DFA, EIA, NAAT
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| What is DFA? | scraping that is examined microscopically with a direst fluorescent test to detect inclusion bodies
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| Chlamydophila psittaci | Infects birds and infect humans by aerosol inhalation. Chills, fever, malaise and progression to pneumonia
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| Chlamydophila pneumoniae | Human pathogen causes pneumonia, sinusitis, and pharyngitis.
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| Rickettsia | Obligate, intracellular parasite. Infect endothelial cells lining small blood vessels. Multiply intracellularly. Can synthesize protein, nucleic acids and ATP. Have "leaky membranes"
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| Morphology of Rickettsia | Gram negative, pleomorphic
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| Transmission of Rickettsia | Vectors: fleas, ticks, and the human body louse.
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| Diagnosis of Rickettsia | Weil-Felix test - Whole cell agglutination assay that uses Proteus cell surface antigens to detect cross-reactive rickettsial antibodies.
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| where can Rickettsia be grown? | Tissue cells and embroyonated eggs - level 3 pathogen
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| R.rickettsii infection: | Rocky Mountain Spotted fever. From tick vector. Maculopapular rash beginning on extremities. Use immunohistology with tissue biospies and fluorescent stain or PCR
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| Orentia tsutsugmushi infection: | Scrub typhus
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| Drug of choice for Rickettsial Infections | Tetracycline or Chloramphenicol
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| Triad of Rickettsial Infections | fever. headache, and rash
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| R.prowazekii | typhus - from human body louse. Rash develops
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| Coxiella burnetti | Q fever - inhalation or ingestion of unpasteurized milk. Detected with serology. Gram negative coccobaccilli. obligate intracellular parasite. Forms spores to survive.
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| Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, DDT | Was effective in WWII against the mosquito that spread malaria and lice with typhus.
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| Brill-Zinsser Disease | occurs decades after initial Rickettsial Infection, treat with tetracycline
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| Q Fever | systemic infection that primarily affects the lung-granuloma formation. Occupational illness. treat with tetracycline
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| Ehrlichia chaffeensis | Zoonotic disease. from ticks. Cause monocytes infection
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| Morulae | cytoplasmic vacuoles containing enriched Ehrlichia that are found in Giemsa - or Diff-Quikâstained buffy coat smears from infected patients.
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| Anaplasma phagocytophilum | causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis
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| Similarities of Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum | infect leukocytes. ID'd by serology. Treated with Doxycycline
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