Ecology (Nitrogen Cycle, Water Cycle, Habitat...)
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| Ecology | the study of inter relationships between organisms and their environment
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| Biosphere | region from earth's crust through atmosphere that supports life
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| Environment | organisms' surroundings
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| Biotic Factors | living things that factor into an organisms environment
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| Abiotic Factors | non-living things that factor into an organisms' environment
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| Population | number of species living in a certain area
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| Community | all the populations in a given area
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| Ecosystem | community and its abiotic factors
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| Biome | a huge ecosystem that occupies a large portion of a continent
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| Habitat | area where organism lives
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| Niche | role that an organism has in the environment (organism's way of life that includes the habitat)
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| Competition | when 2 organisms use the same limited resource
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| Competitive exclusion principle | no two species can occupy the same niche at the same time
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| predation | when one animal hunts and eats another
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| interspecific competition | two different species compete for the same limited resource
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| intraspecific competition | two animals of the same species compete for the same limited resource
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| symbiosis | two organisms are living together (different species)
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| mutualism | two organisms benefit from each other
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| commensalism | one organism benefits and the other is unnafected
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| parasitism | one organism benifits and the other is harmed
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| nitrogen fixation | process where bacteria convert N gas into forms that can be used by plants
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| autotroph | organism that can make its own food
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| heterotroph | animal that does not make bits own food
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| producer | an autotroph
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| consumer | a heterotroph
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| decomposer | eats dead plants/animals/organisms (helps keep environment clean) and then releases it into the atmosphere
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| herbivore | organism that eats only plants
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| carnivore | eats only other organisms
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| omnivore | eats both plants and animals
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| trophic level | each step in a food chain or food web (steps/ levels of nourishment in a food chain)
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| Food Chain | sequence of organisms through which energy is transfered in an ecosystem. (energy transfer)
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| Food Web | several interconnected food chains
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| transpiration | water evaporates from stomates as plants exchange gases for photosynthesis, and enters the stomates
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| Infiltration | precipitation that soaks into the ground and is filtered by soil particles
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| Precipitation | liquid water falls to the earth in the form of rain, snow, sleet, etc.
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| Evaporation | solar energy heats surface waters, liquid changes to gas and enters the atmosphere
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| condensation | water vapor in the atmosphere cools, and changes from gas to liquid (clouds form)
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| Dentrification | bacteria in soil convert nitrogen back into gas
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| 10 percent rule | amount of energy an animal is able to obtain in their bodies is 10 %, 90% is released as heat
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| Which way do the arrows in a food chain/web point? | where the energy is being transferred to
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| Matter is cycled, Energy flow is one-way...what does this mean? | matter cannot be created or destroyed, and therefore, must be cycled because it can decompose and etc, but energy cannot be recycled. Ex: the sun goes to us and then we release that energy into the atmosphere and it just dissapears.
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| Human impacts on nutrient cycles: | increased use of residential farmland fertalizers, left overs end up in ponds etc. By runoff that contains high concentrations of nitrogen, the Algae pop and explode resulting in Algal Blooms, which removes O2 from the water and causes aquatic o2 die.
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| trophic levels of a food chain: | Primary Producer---1st level consumor (herbivore)--2nd level consumor (carnivore), etc.
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| The water cycle: | Evaporation; Transpiration; Condensation; Precipitation; Runoff; Infiltration; Ground Water
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| Carbon Cycle | Photosynthesis; Respiration; Decomposition
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| Nitrogen Cycle | Nitrogen Gas in Atmosphere; Nitrogen Fixation; Dentrification
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