Key Vocabulary for Sci Method Intro, Energy, and Force and Motion
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| motion | an object's position changes when compared to another object
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| reference point | a place or object used for comparison to determine whether something is in motion
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| force | a push or a pull
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| newton | the unit used to measure the strength of a force
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| friction | a force between an object and the surface it is moving over (contact)
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| gravity | a force that pull objects toward each other as a result of their masses
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| net force | the combination of all forces acting on an object
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| speed | how fast an object is moving; the distance the object moves per unit of time; s=d/t
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| slope | the angle of a line on a graph
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| velocity | the speed at which an object travels in a given direction; for example: the storm is moving 25 km/h eastward
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| acceleration | the rate at which velocity changes; (final speed - initial speed) / time
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| inertia | an object's resistance to change
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| Newton's 1st Law of Motion | law that states an object at rest will remain at rest, and an object that is in motion will keep moving (in a straight line) until acted upon by an outside force
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| Newton's 2nd Law of Motion | law that states an object's motion depends on its mass; force = mass x acceleration
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| Newton's 3rd Law of Motion | law that states that for every action there is an equal (in strength) but opposite (in direction) reaction
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| weight | a measure of the force of gravity on an object
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| potential energy | the energy that is stored in an object or system
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| kinetic energy | the energy that an object has because it is moving
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| generator | a machine that can convert kinetic energy into electrical
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| transfer | to move from one object to another or one place to another
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| energy | the ability to make something move or change
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| collision | the moment when two objects hit each other
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| exert | to apply a force
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| mass | the amount of matter that makes up an object
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| matter | anything that has mass and takes up space
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| infer | to reach a conclusion using evidence and reasoning
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| cause | an event or process that leads to a result or change
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| effect | a result or change that happens because of an event or process
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| claim | a proposed answer to a question about the natural world
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| convert | to change from one type to another
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| evidence | information about the natural world that is used to support or go against (refute) a claim
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| model | an object, diagram, or computer program that helps us understand something by making it simpler or easier to see
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| reasoning | the process of making clear how your evidence supports your claim
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| scientific argument | a claim supported by evidence
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| system | a set of interacting parts forming a complex whole
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| hypothesis | A possible explanation about an observation that can be tested by scientific investigations and includes both independent and dependent variables.
example: The cotton t-shirt will dry the fastest compared to the wool, polyester, and denim shirts.
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| independent variable | The variable that is changed or manipulated by the scientist
Example: the type of mentos added to a Diet Coke Bottle
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| dependent variable | The variable that is measured by the scientist
Example: How high the soda spews up into the air
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| control | a standard of comparison
example: the plants that receive water are the CONTROL group
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| constants | what you keep the same in an experiment to make it a fair test
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