Chapter 13 Civil Engineering
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| abutment | structural components that connect the bridge to the ground at the ends of the bridge
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| beam | structural member that transmits loads to columns
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| bending | force that causes a structure to sag when placed in the middle of it
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| cantilever bridge | type of beam bride that can span greater distances than a simple beam bridge
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| civil engineering | engineering of both the design and construction of public works projects or other large construction projects
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| compression | crushing force down the axis of a material that shortens the material
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| dynamics | study of forces that cause motion on physical objects
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| equilibrium | state at which structures can oppose external forces and can transfer the load throughout the structure
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| free body diagram | simple drawing that includes three components
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| joint | device that connects two or more structural members together
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| loads | forces the structure must withstand
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| piers | main vertical columns that transfer the load of the bridge into the ground
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| shear | force that acts in opposite directions across a material
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| statics | study that deals with the analysis of loads on objects at rest
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| structural frame | columns and beams used to build a structure, called a skeleton
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| struts | braces that resist compression
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| tension | pulling force that tends to stretch a material
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| torsion | turning force that is applied to a material or structure
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| total station | surveying instrument designed to measure both distance and angles
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| truss bridge | type of bride that uses a truss, which allows for the load to be spread out through all of the structural members in the truss
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