Duke PA micro
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| procaryotes | all bacteria
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| eucaryotes | fungi and parasites
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| microbiology | study of living microorganisms
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| What are antibiotics directed against? | procaryotes
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| what are the smallest infectious microbes? | viruses
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| How large are viruses? | 20-300 nanometers
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| What do viruses consist of? | nucleic acid, protein coat, +-lipid envelope
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| Do viruses have DNA and RNA? | no - one or the other, never both
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| Where do viruses replicate? | in a host cell - "parasites"
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| What is one of the hallmarks of DNA viruses? | latent or chronic infection - Herpe's viruses -dormancy
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| Viruses classified by | host or tissue affinity, DNA or RNA one, geographic location where discovered, body site from first location, clinical symptoms, size, morphology or others
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| What is the protein coat in virsuses called? | capsid
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| What determines the shape of viruses? | capsid
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| What are the three shapes of bacteria? | rods(bacillus), circle(coccus), spirals
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| Which bacteria are purple on gram stain? | gram positive
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| Which bacteria are red on gram stain? | gram negative
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| What can bacteria be classified by? | shape, gram stain, oxygen requirements, pathogenicity, taxonomy
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| What are strict pathogens? | never found as normal flora, anytime they are introduced into the body, they cause disease
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| What are the three basic groups of bacteria? | bacilli, cocci, spirochete
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| What are the arrangments of bacteria? | pairs, chains, clusters
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| Autotrophs | rely solely on inorganic sources
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| heterotrophs | rely on organic sources
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| obligate aerobes | require O2 for growth
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| microaerophiles | grow in low amounts of O2
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| facultative anaerobes | grow in +/- O2
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| Obiligate anaerobes | require absence of O2
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| mycology | study of fungi
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| Out of all the microbes, which have the "most" members? | fungi - tens of thousands of species
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| How many fungi routinely cause human disease? | less than 100
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| What are the two morphologic forms of fungi? | yeast and molds
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| Are fungi eucaryotic or procaryotic? | eucaryotic
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| hypha | basic unit of structure of mold - transverse cross-walls = septate, no walls = non-septate
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| How do yeasts reproduce? | by budding
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| How do colonies of yeasts appear on lab media? | creamy
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| How do colonies of mold appear on lab media? | fuzzy
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| What type of hyphae do most molds have? | septate hyphae
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| How do fungi appear on a gram stain? | They are gram positive - purple
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| What do fungi cell walls contain? | chitin and other commplex polysaccharies
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| dimorphic fungi | they grow in different forms at different temperatures - medically important
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| parasitology | study of invertebrate animals
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| protozoa | unicellular
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| metazoa | multicellular
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