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Micro 101
Duke PA micro
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| procaryotes | all bacteria |
| eucaryotes | fungi and parasites |
| microbiology | study of living microorganisms |
| What are antibiotics directed against? | procaryotes |
| what are the smallest infectious microbes? | viruses |
| How large are viruses? | 20-300 nanometers |
| What do viruses consist of? | nucleic acid, protein coat, +-lipid envelope |
| Do viruses have DNA and RNA? | no - one or the other, never both |
| Where do viruses replicate? | in a host cell - "parasites" |
| What is one of the hallmarks of DNA viruses? | latent or chronic infection - Herpe's viruses -dormancy |
| Viruses classified by | host or tissue affinity, DNA or RNA one, geographic location where discovered, body site from first location, clinical symptoms, size, morphology or others |
| What is the protein coat in virsuses called? | capsid |
| What determines the shape of viruses? | capsid |
| What are the three shapes of bacteria? | rods(bacillus), circle(coccus), spirals |
| Which bacteria are purple on gram stain? | gram positive |
| Which bacteria are red on gram stain? | gram negative |
| What can bacteria be classified by? | shape, gram stain, oxygen requirements, pathogenicity, taxonomy |
| What are strict pathogens? | never found as normal flora, anytime they are introduced into the body, they cause disease |
| What are the three basic groups of bacteria? | bacilli, cocci, spirochete |
| What are the arrangments of bacteria? | pairs, chains, clusters |
| Autotrophs | rely solely on inorganic sources |
| heterotrophs | rely on organic sources |
| obligate aerobes | require O2 for growth |
| microaerophiles | grow in low amounts of O2 |
| facultative anaerobes | grow in +/- O2 |
| Obiligate anaerobes | require absence of O2 |
| mycology | study of fungi |
| Out of all the microbes, which have the "most" members? | fungi - tens of thousands of species |
| How many fungi routinely cause human disease? | less than 100 |
| What are the two morphologic forms of fungi? | yeast and molds |
| Are fungi eucaryotic or procaryotic? | eucaryotic |
| hypha | basic unit of structure of mold - transverse cross-walls = septate, no walls = non-septate |
| How do yeasts reproduce? | by budding |
| How do colonies of yeasts appear on lab media? | creamy |
| How do colonies of mold appear on lab media? | fuzzy |
| What type of hyphae do most molds have? | septate hyphae |
| How do fungi appear on a gram stain? | They are gram positive - purple |
| What do fungi cell walls contain? | chitin and other commplex polysaccharies |
| dimorphic fungi | they grow in different forms at different temperatures - medically important |
| parasitology | study of invertebrate animals |
| protozoa | unicellular |
| metazoa | multicellular |
Created by:
ges13
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