Genetics Vocabulary
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Homo | Same (homozygous)
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| Hetero | Different (heterozygous)
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| Geno | Genetic information (genotype)
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| Pheno | Physical appearance, the trait that "shows" (phenotype)
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| Co | Together, both, with (codominance)
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| Zyg | Yoke, When egg and sperm join or conbine (zygote, homozygous, heterozygous)
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| Di | Two
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| Biology | The study of life
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| Genetics | The branch of biology that studies heredity
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| Heredity | The passing of characteristics from parents to offspring
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| Gregor Mendel | The "Father of Genetics"
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| Trait | Any trait that can be passed from parent to offspring (can be dominant or recessive)
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| Alleles | Alternative forms of a trait or gene (we use letters to represent these)
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| Gene | Section of a chromosome (DNA) that controls a trait
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| Gametes | Reproductive cells (sperm and egg)
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| Haploid Cell | A cell with one of each kind of chromosome (sperm and egg cells are examples of a haploid cell)
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| Diploid Cell | A cell with two of each kind of chromosome (all body cells are examples because they have 23 pair of chromosomes)
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| Sperm | Haploid male sex cells produced by meiosis
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| Egg | Haploid female sex cell produced by meiosis
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| Fertilization | Fusion of male and female gametes
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| Pollimation | Transfer of male pollen grains to the pistil of a flower (therefore pollination is "sexual reproduction"
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| Meiosis | Process that creates sex cells (sperm and egg)
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| Heterozygous | Genotype of an individual with 2 different alleles for a given trait; Example: Tt
(Another word for this is hybrid)
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| Hybrid | Has 2 different alleles for the same trait; Example Tt
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| Homozygous | Genotype of an individual with 2 of the same alleles for a given trait (both could be dominant TT or both could be recessive tt) Another word for this is purebred.
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| Purebred | Has 2 identical alleles for the same trait; Example TT or tt
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| Dominant Allele | The allele that masks or covers up the recessive allele in a heterozygous individual. It is represented with a capital letter.
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| Recessive Allele | The allele that is masked or covered up in a heterozygous individual. It is represented with a lower case letter.
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| Law of Dominance | If 2 alleles in a gene pair are different , then one allele (the dominant one) will control the other (the recessive one). The recessive one will be masked or covered up.
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| Genotype | The genetic makeup of an organism
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| Phenotype | the external, physical appearance of an individual determined by its' genotype
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| Punnett Square | A graphical representation of possible genotypes of offspring
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| Pedigree | A diagram of the genetic history of an individual; can show how a trait is inherited over several generations of a family
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| Carrier | An individual who has the allele for a trait or disease but does not have the disease, does not outwardly express or show the trait. A carrier can pass the trait to offspring.
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| Incomplete Dominance | Occurs when neither allele is dominant. They both have an effect on the heterozygous individual which shows a phenotype between the 2 homozygous phenotypes. The dominant alleles mix- yellow and blue flowers result in green flowers
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| Codominance | Neither allele is dominant
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Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
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Created by:
janfraser
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