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JFraser Genetics
Genetics Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Homo | Same (homozygous) |
| Hetero | Different (heterozygous) |
| Geno | Genetic information (genotype) |
| Pheno | Physical appearance, the trait that "shows" (phenotype) |
| Co | Together, both, with (codominance) |
| Zyg | Yoke, When egg and sperm join or conbine (zygote, homozygous, heterozygous) |
| Di | Two |
| Biology | The study of life |
| Genetics | The branch of biology that studies heredity |
| Heredity | The passing of characteristics from parents to offspring |
| Gregor Mendel | The "Father of Genetics" |
| Trait | Any trait that can be passed from parent to offspring (can be dominant or recessive) |
| Alleles | Alternative forms of a trait or gene (we use letters to represent these) |
| Gene | Section of a chromosome (DNA) that controls a trait |
| Gametes | Reproductive cells (sperm and egg) |
| Haploid Cell | A cell with one of each kind of chromosome (sperm and egg cells are examples of a haploid cell) |
| Diploid Cell | A cell with two of each kind of chromosome (all body cells are examples because they have 23 pair of chromosomes) |
| Sperm | Haploid male sex cells produced by meiosis |
| Egg | Haploid female sex cell produced by meiosis |
| Fertilization | Fusion of male and female gametes |
| Pollimation | Transfer of male pollen grains to the pistil of a flower (therefore pollination is "sexual reproduction" |
| Meiosis | Process that creates sex cells (sperm and egg) |
| Heterozygous | Genotype of an individual with 2 different alleles for a given trait; Example: Tt (Another word for this is hybrid) |
| Hybrid | Has 2 different alleles for the same trait; Example Tt |
| Homozygous | Genotype of an individual with 2 of the same alleles for a given trait (both could be dominant TT or both could be recessive tt) Another word for this is purebred. |
| Purebred | Has 2 identical alleles for the same trait; Example TT or tt |
| Dominant Allele | The allele that masks or covers up the recessive allele in a heterozygous individual. It is represented with a capital letter. |
| Recessive Allele | The allele that is masked or covered up in a heterozygous individual. It is represented with a lower case letter. |
| Law of Dominance | If 2 alleles in a gene pair are different , then one allele (the dominant one) will control the other (the recessive one). The recessive one will be masked or covered up. |
| Genotype | The genetic makeup of an organism |
| Phenotype | the external, physical appearance of an individual determined by its' genotype |
| Punnett Square | A graphical representation of possible genotypes of offspring |
| Pedigree | A diagram of the genetic history of an individual; can show how a trait is inherited over several generations of a family |
| Carrier | An individual who has the allele for a trait or disease but does not have the disease, does not outwardly express or show the trait. A carrier can pass the trait to offspring. |
| Incomplete Dominance | Occurs when neither allele is dominant. They both have an effect on the heterozygous individual which shows a phenotype between the 2 homozygous phenotypes. The dominant alleles mix- yellow and blue flowers result in green flowers |
| Codominance | Neither allele is dominant |
Created by:
janfraser
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