cell resp (aero) vocab & definintions
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| CELLULAR RESPIRATION | process used by living organisms to break down their food (glucose) and release energy (ATP)
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| high-energy electrons | negatively-charged atomic particles that are produced during the first three steps and used in step 4 to make ATP
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| Electron Transport Chain (System) | Step #4 of cellular respiration; uses proteins and carriers in the mitochondria to change high-energy electrons into ATP energy
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| carbon dioxide (CO2) | waste gas of cellular respiration that is given off during steps 2 and 3
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| ATP | molecule of cell energy; the energy 'currency' of a cell; produced during steps 1, 3, and 4 but NOT step 2
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| glucose | the main 'fuel' molecule that 'runs' cellular respiration; it's broken apart during Glycolysis into two pyruvates
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| water | the final waste material of cellular respiration; produced during step 4 as Oxygen and Hydrogen are combined
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| FADH2 | coenzyme carrying two high energy electrons; only produced during step 3 and then used during step 4 to make ATP
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| pyruvate | molecules that result from splitting glucose during step 1; they are changed into Acetyl CoA during step 2
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| acetyl CoA | pyruvates get changed into this during step 2 so they can be used in step 3
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| proton pumps | proteins that are used in step 4 to force Hydrogen protons across the inner membrane of the mitochondria
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| Hydrogen protons | pumped across the inner membrane of the mitochondria during step 4 so that ATP can be made
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| Coenzyme A | used during step 2 and attached to the acetyl group so it can be carried to and used in step 3
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| oxygen (O2) | element that must be present for steps 2, 3, and 4 to work; used in step 4 to make water
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| enzymes | these 3-D proteins are necessary for all four steps of cellular respiration to work at normal cell temperatures
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| mitochondria (matrix) | location in the cell where steps 2, 3 and 4 take place; the 'powerhouse' of the cell
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| OAA (oxaloacetate) | the beginning material that step 3 always starts with; it is reproduced again at the end of that step
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| Glycolysis | Step #1 of cellular respiration; literally means that sugar is being split apart
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| NADH | coenzyme that carries a high energy electron; produced during steps 2 and 3, then used during step 4 to make ATP
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| Intermediate (Link) Reaction | Step #2 of cellular respiration; changes pyruvates into acetyl CoA so they can be used in step 3
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| cytoplasm | watery insides of a cell; where step 1 of cellular respiration takes place
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| Krebs Cycle | Step #3 of cellular respiration; starts with OAA, attaches Acetyl CoA, then releases NADH, FADH2, CO2, and remakes OAA
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| ATP synthase | enzyme used during step 4 to put together the energy molecules of ATP; works when Hydrogen protons move through it
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