cell structure and function
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| cell theory | states that all living things are made of one or more cells, the cell is the smallest unit of life, and all new cells come from preexisting cells
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| macromolecule | form by joining many small molecules together
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| nucleic acid | macromolecules that form when long chains of molecules called nucleotides join together
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| protein | long chains of amino acid molecules
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| lipid | large macromolecule that doesn't dissolve in water
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| carbohydrate | one sugar molecule, two sugar molecules, or a long chain of sugar molecules
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| cell membrane | flexible covering that protects the inside of a cell that protects the inside of a cell from the environment outside a cell
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| cell wall | stiff structure outside the cell membrane
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| cytoplasm | fluid inside a cell that contains salt and other molecules
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| cytoskeleton | network of threadlike proteins that are joined together
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| organelle | have specialized functions, and are surrounded by membranes
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| nucleus | part of a eukaryotic cell that directs cell activities and contains genetic information stored in DNA
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| chloroplast | membrane-bound organelle that use light energy and make food- a sugar called glucose- from water and carbon dioxide in a process known as photosynthesis
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| passive transport | movement of substances through a cell membrane without using the cell's energy
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| diffusion | movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
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| osmosis | diffusion of water molecules only through a membrane
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| facilitated diffusion | when molecules pass through a cell's membrane using special proteins called transport proteins
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| active transport | movement of substances through a cell membrane only by using the cell's energy
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| endocytosis | the process during which a cell takes in a substance surrounding it with the cell membrane
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| exocytosis | process during which a cells vesicles release their contents outside the cell
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| cellular respiration | series of chemical reactions that convert the energy in food molecules into a usable form of energy called ATP
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| glycolysis | process done by which glucose a sugar is broken down into smaller molecules
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| fermentation | reaction that eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells can use to obtain energy from foods when oxygen levels are low
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| photosynthesis | series of chemical reactions that convert light energy, water, and CO2 into the food-energy molecule glucose and give off oxygen
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