Microbial Metabolism
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| Energy-yielding series of reactions | CATABOLISM
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| Means "whole enzyme" | HOLOENZYME
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| A nonprotein component of an active enzyme | COENZYME
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| A measure of the rate of activity of an enzyme | TURNOVER NUMBER
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| A protein portion of an enzyme, inactive without a cofactor | APOENZYME
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| A group of enzymes that function as electron carriers in respiration and photosynthesis | CYTOCHROMES
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| A mechanism by which fatty acids are degraded | BETA OXIDATION
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| Both the carbon source and energy source are usually the same organic compound | CHEMOHETEROTROPH
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| Photosynthetic, but uses organic material rather than carbon dioxide as a carbon source | PHOTOHETEROTROPH
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| The photosynthetic purple nonsulfur bacteria would be classified in this nutritional group | PHOTOHETEROTROPH
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| Photosynthetic bacteria that use carbon dioxide as a carbon source | PHOTOAUTOTROPH
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| Changes the shape of the active site of an enzyme | NONCOMPETITIVE INHIBITOR
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| Very similar in shape or chemisty to the normal enzyme substrate. | COMPETITIVE INHIBITOR
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| Hexose monophosphate shunt | PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY
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| The final electron acceptor is oxygen | AEROBIC RESPIRATION
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| Produces important intermediates that act as precursors in the synthesis of nucleic acids and so on. | PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY
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| Bacteria use oxygen substitutes such as nitrates | ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
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| Pyruvic acid accepts electrons and is turned into various end products, such as lactic acid or ethanol | FERMENTATION
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| Glucose to pyruvic acid. | GLYCOLYSIS
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| Electrons are removed from an organic compound and are transferred by an electron transport chain to oxygen | OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION
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| An electron is liberated from chlorophyll and passes down an electron transport chain | PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION
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| A dehydrogenase coenzyme derived from nicotinic acid (niacin) | NAD+
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| A dehydrogenase coenzyme derived from riboflavin | FMN
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| In chemiosmosis, protons can diffuse across a membrane only through special channels that contain this enzyme | ATP synthase
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| Pyruvic acid loses carbon dioxide to form an acetyl group | DECARBOXYLATION
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| Glycolysis | EMBDEN-MEYERHOF
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| A photosynthetic organism that does not produce oxygen | ANOXYGENIC
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| Removal of electrons | OXIDATION
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| Uses an inorganic source of energy such as ammonia or elemental sulfur | CHEMOAUTOTROPHIC
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| A chemoheterotroph that lives on dead organic matter is called a _____________ | SAPROPHYTE
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| When an enzyme's active site is occupied at all times by substrate or product molecules, it is called ____________ | SATURATED
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| Cyanide is an example of a general type of inhibitor called ___________ | NONCOMPETITIVE
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| Sulfa drugs are an example of a type of inhibitor called _____________. | COMPETITIVE
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| In ________________ phosphorylation, no oxygen or other inorganic final electron acceptor is required. | SUBSTRATE-LEVEL
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| Cyanobacteria produce __________ gas, just as do higher plants. | OXYGEN
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| The amount of ATP yield from aerobic respiration by a prokaryote is _______________. | 38
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| The amount of ATP yield from glycolysis is ________________. | 2
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| The removal of NH2 from an amino acid is called _____________. | DEAMINATION
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| The removal of -COOH from an amino acid is called ____________. | DECARBOXYLATION
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| The substance acted upon by an enzyme is called the _____________. | SUBSTRATE
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| Coenzyme A is a derivative of the B vitamin ________________ acid. | PANTOTHENIC
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| A sequence of enzymatically catalyzed chemical reactions in a cell is called a ________________ pathway. | METABOLIC
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| Glucose is usually broken down to pyruvic acid by ____________. | GLYCOLYSIS
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| In aerobic respiration, pyruvic acid is converted to acetyl ___________; this product can then enter the Kreb's cycle. | CoA
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| DNA and RNA are made up of repeating units called ____________. | NUCLEOTIDES
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| Why are catabolic and anabolic reactions referred to as coupled reactions? | Because catabolic reactions furnish the energy necessary to drive anabolic reactions.
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| Explain how competitive and noncompetitive enzyme inhibitors work. | Competitive bind to and fill the active site of an enzyme. May or may not be reversible. Noncompetitive interact with some other part of the enzyme, results in a change in the active site of the enzyme. This prevents binding so the reaction cannot occur
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| How does the ultimate fate of electrons liberated differ in cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation? | Cyclic; electrons liberated from chlorophyll pass through the electron chain and return to the chlorophyll, Noncyclic; electrons pass through to the electron acceptor, NADP+, then replaced in chlorophyll from the splitting of water.
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| What are the key features of the pentose phosphate pathway? | Provides a means for the breakdown of pentose sugars, Produces intermediates that are precursors in the synthesis of nucleic acids, some amino acids, glucose from CO2 in photosynthesis.
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