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Microbiology
Microbial Metabolism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Energy-yielding series of reactions | CATABOLISM |
| Means "whole enzyme" | HOLOENZYME |
| A nonprotein component of an active enzyme | COENZYME |
| A measure of the rate of activity of an enzyme | TURNOVER NUMBER |
| A protein portion of an enzyme, inactive without a cofactor | APOENZYME |
| A group of enzymes that function as electron carriers in respiration and photosynthesis | CYTOCHROMES |
| A mechanism by which fatty acids are degraded | BETA OXIDATION |
| Both the carbon source and energy source are usually the same organic compound | CHEMOHETEROTROPH |
| Photosynthetic, but uses organic material rather than carbon dioxide as a carbon source | PHOTOHETEROTROPH |
| The photosynthetic purple nonsulfur bacteria would be classified in this nutritional group | PHOTOHETEROTROPH |
| Photosynthetic bacteria that use carbon dioxide as a carbon source | PHOTOAUTOTROPH |
| Changes the shape of the active site of an enzyme | NONCOMPETITIVE INHIBITOR |
| Very similar in shape or chemisty to the normal enzyme substrate. | COMPETITIVE INHIBITOR |
| Hexose monophosphate shunt | PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY |
| The final electron acceptor is oxygen | AEROBIC RESPIRATION |
| Produces important intermediates that act as precursors in the synthesis of nucleic acids and so on. | PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY |
| Bacteria use oxygen substitutes such as nitrates | ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION |
| Pyruvic acid accepts electrons and is turned into various end products, such as lactic acid or ethanol | FERMENTATION |
| Glucose to pyruvic acid. | GLYCOLYSIS |
| Electrons are removed from an organic compound and are transferred by an electron transport chain to oxygen | OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION |
| An electron is liberated from chlorophyll and passes down an electron transport chain | PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION |
| A dehydrogenase coenzyme derived from nicotinic acid (niacin) | NAD+ |
| A dehydrogenase coenzyme derived from riboflavin | FMN |
| In chemiosmosis, protons can diffuse across a membrane only through special channels that contain this enzyme | ATP synthase |
| Pyruvic acid loses carbon dioxide to form an acetyl group | DECARBOXYLATION |
| Glycolysis | EMBDEN-MEYERHOF |
| A photosynthetic organism that does not produce oxygen | ANOXYGENIC |
| Removal of electrons | OXIDATION |
| Uses an inorganic source of energy such as ammonia or elemental sulfur | CHEMOAUTOTROPHIC |
| A chemoheterotroph that lives on dead organic matter is called a _____________ | SAPROPHYTE |
| When an enzyme's active site is occupied at all times by substrate or product molecules, it is called ____________ | SATURATED |
| Cyanide is an example of a general type of inhibitor called ___________ | NONCOMPETITIVE |
| Sulfa drugs are an example of a type of inhibitor called _____________. | COMPETITIVE |
| In ________________ phosphorylation, no oxygen or other inorganic final electron acceptor is required. | SUBSTRATE-LEVEL |
| Cyanobacteria produce __________ gas, just as do higher plants. | OXYGEN |
| The amount of ATP yield from aerobic respiration by a prokaryote is _______________. | 38 |
| The amount of ATP yield from glycolysis is ________________. | 2 |
| The removal of NH2 from an amino acid is called _____________. | DEAMINATION |
| The removal of -COOH from an amino acid is called ____________. | DECARBOXYLATION |
| The substance acted upon by an enzyme is called the _____________. | SUBSTRATE |
| Coenzyme A is a derivative of the B vitamin ________________ acid. | PANTOTHENIC |
| A sequence of enzymatically catalyzed chemical reactions in a cell is called a ________________ pathway. | METABOLIC |
| Glucose is usually broken down to pyruvic acid by ____________. | GLYCOLYSIS |
| In aerobic respiration, pyruvic acid is converted to acetyl ___________; this product can then enter the Kreb's cycle. | CoA |
| DNA and RNA are made up of repeating units called ____________. | NUCLEOTIDES |
| Why are catabolic and anabolic reactions referred to as coupled reactions? | Because catabolic reactions furnish the energy necessary to drive anabolic reactions. |
| Explain how competitive and noncompetitive enzyme inhibitors work. | Competitive bind to and fill the active site of an enzyme. May or may not be reversible. Noncompetitive interact with some other part of the enzyme, results in a change in the active site of the enzyme. This prevents binding so the reaction cannot occur |
| How does the ultimate fate of electrons liberated differ in cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation? | Cyclic; electrons liberated from chlorophyll pass through the electron chain and return to the chlorophyll, Noncyclic; electrons pass through to the electron acceptor, NADP+, then replaced in chlorophyll from the splitting of water. |
| What are the key features of the pentose phosphate pathway? | Provides a means for the breakdown of pentose sugars, Produces intermediates that are precursors in the synthesis of nucleic acids, some amino acids, glucose from CO2 in photosynthesis. |
Created by:
Micheleledet17
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