Biology chapter 11
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| monohybrid cross | Cross between parents that differ in only one trait.
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| locus | Physical location of a trait (or gene) on a chromosome.
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| dominant allele | Allele that exerts its phenotypic effect in the heterozygote; it masks the expression of the recessive allele.
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| recessive allele | Allele that exerts its phenotypic effect only in the homozygote; its expression is masked by a dominant allele
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| homozygous | Possessing two identical alleles for a particular trait.
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| heterozygous | Possessing unlike alleles for a particular trait.
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| genotype | Genes of an organism for a particular trait or traits; often designated by letters—for example, BB or Aa.
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| phenotype | Visible expression of a genotype—e.g., brown eyes or attached earlobes.
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| dihybrid cross | Cross between parents that differ in two traits.
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| punnett square | Visual representation developed by Reginald Punnett that is used to calculate the expected results of simple genetic crosses.
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| testcross | Cross between an individual with a dominant phenotype and an individual with a recessive phenotype to determine whether the dominant individual is homozygous or heterozygous.
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| autosome | Chromosome pairs that are the same between the sexes; in humans, all but the X and Y chromosomes
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| carrier | Heterozygous individual who has no apparent abnormality but can pass on an allele for a recessively inherited genetic disorder.
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| multiple alleles | Inheritance pattern in which there are more than two alleles for a particular trait; each individual has only two of all possible alleles.
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| codominance | Inheritance pattern in which both alleles of a gene are equally expressed in a heterozygote.
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| incomplete dominance | Inheritance pattern in which an offspring has an intermediate phenotype, as when a red-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant produce pink-flowered offspring.
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| incomplete penetrance | Dominant alleles that are either not always or partially expressed.
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| pleiotropy | Inheritance pattern in which one gene affects many phenotypic characteristics of the individual.
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| polygenic inheritance | Pattern of inheritance in which a trait is controlled by several allelic pairs.
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| x-linked | Allele that is located on an X chromosome; not all X-linked genes code for sexual characteristics.
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| hemizygous | Possessing only one allele for a gene in a diploid organism; males are hemizygous for genes on the X chromosome.
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