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Biology chapt 11
Biology chapter 11
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| monohybrid cross | Cross between parents that differ in only one trait. |
| locus | Physical location of a trait (or gene) on a chromosome. |
| dominant allele | Allele that exerts its phenotypic effect in the heterozygote; it masks the expression of the recessive allele. |
| recessive allele | Allele that exerts its phenotypic effect only in the homozygote; its expression is masked by a dominant allele |
| homozygous | Possessing two identical alleles for a particular trait. |
| heterozygous | Possessing unlike alleles for a particular trait. |
| genotype | Genes of an organism for a particular trait or traits; often designated by letters—for example, BB or Aa. |
| phenotype | Visible expression of a genotype—e.g., brown eyes or attached earlobes. |
| dihybrid cross | Cross between parents that differ in two traits. |
| punnett square | Visual representation developed by Reginald Punnett that is used to calculate the expected results of simple genetic crosses. |
| testcross | Cross between an individual with a dominant phenotype and an individual with a recessive phenotype to determine whether the dominant individual is homozygous or heterozygous. |
| autosome | Chromosome pairs that are the same between the sexes; in humans, all but the X and Y chromosomes |
| carrier | Heterozygous individual who has no apparent abnormality but can pass on an allele for a recessively inherited genetic disorder. |
| multiple alleles | Inheritance pattern in which there are more than two alleles for a particular trait; each individual has only two of all possible alleles. |
| codominance | Inheritance pattern in which both alleles of a gene are equally expressed in a heterozygote. |
| incomplete dominance | Inheritance pattern in which an offspring has an intermediate phenotype, as when a red-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant produce pink-flowered offspring. |
| incomplete penetrance | Dominant alleles that are either not always or partially expressed. |
| pleiotropy | Inheritance pattern in which one gene affects many phenotypic characteristics of the individual. |
| polygenic inheritance | Pattern of inheritance in which a trait is controlled by several allelic pairs. |
| x-linked | Allele that is located on an X chromosome; not all X-linked genes code for sexual characteristics. |
| hemizygous | Possessing only one allele for a gene in a diploid organism; males are hemizygous for genes on the X chromosome. |
Created by:
Haleyannestes
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