HPsych-Chapter2:CvSy
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| show | blood from the body flows into the right atrium, then the right ventricle, to be pumped to the lungs
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| show | Blood from the lungs goes into the left atrium, then the left ventricle, to be pumped to the body
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| show | ventricles contract and pump blood out of the heart, atrioventricular valves (tricuspid and mitral) close to stop backflow into the atria; begins the cycle
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| Diastole | show 🗑
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| Effects of increased heart rate | show 🗑
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| show | systolic/ diastolic
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| fluid dynamics factors of blood pressure | show 🗑
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| show | blood volume pumped per minute; more output= higher bp
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| show | amount of blood in the system; greater volume= higher pressure needed to move it
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| show | difficulty of passing through blood vessels; more resistance= more pressure; as you go down the line, blood vessels get smaller and peripheral resistance increases
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| show | ease of stretching the blood vessels; less elasticity= higher bp (usually systolic)
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| viscosity | show 🗑
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| individual factors/circumstances affecting blood pressure | show 🗑
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| environmental temperature | show 🗑
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| show | exercise increases pressure as does posture; standing decreases pressure in the veins to the heart due to gravity, bp falls
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| emotions | show 🗑
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| factors affecting hypertension (make it more likely) | show 🗑
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| show | formed elements and plasma
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| show | cells and cell-like structures making up 45% of the blood
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| show | contain hemoglobin, which carries oxygen; each cell lasts ~3 months
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| anemia | show 🗑
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| erythrocytosis | show 🗑
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| show | genetic abnormality of RBC's including hemoglobin; more common in blacks; may help malaria resistance
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| show | several types of white blood cells with protective functions like attacking bacteria
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| show | malignancy where abnormal WBC's are overproduced and crowd out other blood cells
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| Leukopenia | show 🗑
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| show | excess white cells, usually to fight infection
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| Platelets | show 🗑
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| show | 90% water; about 55% of the blood; includes plasma proteins, nutrients from digestion, enzymes, hormones, waste products, etc.
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| atherosclerosis | show 🗑
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| arteriosclerosis | show 🗑
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| myocardial infarction | show 🗑
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| angina pectoralis | show 🗑
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| aneurysm | show 🗑
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| show | disruption of blood supply to the brain by thrombosis (blood clot) or vessel rupture; Problem: must determine the cause quickly (thrombosis can be treated with chemicals to break up the clot)
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