HPsych-Chapter2:CvSy
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pumping Cycle Step 1 | blood from the body flows into the right atrium, then the right ventricle, to be pumped to the lungs
🗑
|
||||
| Pumping Cycle Step 2 | Blood from the lungs goes into the left atrium, then the left ventricle, to be pumped to the body
🗑
|
||||
| Systole | ventricles contract and pump blood out of the heart, atrioventricular valves (tricuspid and mitral) close to stop backflow into the atria; begins the cycle
🗑
|
||||
| Diastole | Aortic and pulmonary (semilunar) valves close and blood flows from the atria into the ventricles; resting phase
🗑
|
||||
| Effects of increased heart rate | cardiac cycle is completed in a shorter period of time; most of the speed up comes out of the diastolic period; chronically rapid heart rate reduces overall time for rest and decreases heart strength
🗑
|
||||
| blood pressure | systolic/ diastolic
🗑
|
||||
| fluid dynamics factors of blood pressure | cardiac output, blood volume, peripheral resistance, elasticity, viscosity
🗑
|
||||
| cardiac output | blood volume pumped per minute; more output= higher bp
🗑
|
||||
| blood volume | amount of blood in the system; greater volume= higher pressure needed to move it
🗑
|
||||
| peripheral resistance | difficulty of passing through blood vessels; more resistance= more pressure; as you go down the line, blood vessels get smaller and peripheral resistance increases
🗑
|
||||
| elasticity | ease of stretching the blood vessels; less elasticity= higher bp (usually systolic)
🗑
|
||||
| viscosity | blood thickness; thicker blood= more pressure
🗑
|
||||
| individual factors/circumstances affecting blood pressure | environmental temperature, activity, emotions
🗑
|
||||
| environmental temperature | higher temp --> skin vessels expand--> bp drops; lower temps have the opposite effect
🗑
|
||||
| activity | exercise increases pressure as does posture; standing decreases pressure in the veins to the heart due to gravity, bp falls
🗑
|
||||
| emotions | stress, anger, or anxiety activate the sympathetic nervous system and increase blood pressure
🗑
|
||||
| factors affecting hypertension (make it more likely) | obesity, old age, gender, race (blacks) HOWEVER, all are tied to obesity
🗑
|
||||
| blood composition | formed elements and plasma
🗑
|
||||
| formed elements | cells and cell-like structures making up 45% of the blood
🗑
|
||||
| red blood cells | contain hemoglobin, which carries oxygen; each cell lasts ~3 months
🗑
|
||||
| anemia | too few RBC's
🗑
|
||||
| erythrocytosis | too many RBC's
🗑
|
||||
| sickle-cell anemia | genetic abnormality of RBC's including hemoglobin; more common in blacks; may help malaria resistance
🗑
|
||||
| leukocytes | several types of white blood cells with protective functions like attacking bacteria
🗑
|
||||
| leukemia | malignancy where abnormal WBC's are overproduced and crowd out other blood cells
🗑
|
||||
| Leukopenia | insufficient WBC's, poor immunity
🗑
|
||||
| Leukocytosis | excess white cells, usually to fight infection
🗑
|
||||
| Platelets | involved in blood clotting
🗑
|
||||
| plasma | 90% water; about 55% of the blood; includes plasma proteins, nutrients from digestion, enzymes, hormones, waste products, etc.
🗑
|
||||
| atherosclerosis | accumulation of fatty plaque on artery walls
🗑
|
||||
| arteriosclerosis | resulting decrease in artery diameter and flexibility; this process starts pretty early in life (late teens?)
🗑
|
||||
| myocardial infarction | heart attack caused by obstruction of the heart's blood supply
🗑
|
||||
| angina pectoralis | brief interruption of the heart's blood supply; caused by narrow arteries; shows up during exercise; could be a sign of a heart attack in the future
🗑
|
||||
| aneurysm | bulge in weakened artery wall section which can rupture; frequently in the aorta
🗑
|
||||
| stroke | disruption of blood supply to the brain by thrombosis (blood clot) or vessel rupture; Problem: must determine the cause quickly (thrombosis can be treated with chemicals to break up the clot)
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
Jean-O
Popular Psychology sets