Biology Module 2
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| What is the biosphere | - lower atmosphere
-earth's surface
-lithosphere
-hydrosphere
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| Biome | broad geographic region with characteristic plants and animals. identified by dominant vegetation type
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| Important aspects of climate | Temperature and rainfall patterns
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| Deserts typical latitude | 30 degrees north or south latitude
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| Where Tropical Rain Forests are typically found | around the equator
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| Why is it warmer at the equator? | Sunlight is directly over head of the equator
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| What is the biosphere | - lower atmosphere
-earth's surface
-lithosphere
-hydrosphere
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| Biome | broad geographic region with characteristic plants and animals. identified by dominant vegetation type
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| Important aspects of climate | Temperature and rainfall patterns
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| Deserts typical latitude | 30 degrees north or south latitude
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| Where Tropical Rain Forests are typically found | around the equator
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| Why is it warmer at the equator? | Sunlight is directly over head of the equator
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| How is CO2 related to temperature? | the higher the CO2 content in the atmosphere, the higher the temperature
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| El Nino Year | When weather patterns are different than they usually are for a short period of time
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| Forests are what percent of the Earth's surface? | 30%
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| Grasslands are what percent of the Earth's surface? | 30%
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| Features of Grasslands | -Lower rain fall
-Fire adapted
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| Other names for Evergreen forests | - Coniferous
- Boreal Forest
- Taiga
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| Deserts are what percent of the Earth's surface? | 30%
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| Tundra features | - no trees
- permafrost
- northern latitudes (ex. upper Canada)
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| Tropical forests recycling of nutrients: | happens rapidly
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| Aquatic ecosystems are what percent of the earth's surface? | 75%
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| Life zone is determined by? | limit of light penetration (2% of the ocean's volume)
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| The base of the marine ecosystems are? | Phytoplankton
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| What eats phytoplankton? | Zooplankton
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| What are estuaries? | Mix of salt and fresh water (river meets ocean)
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| Where is the life in lakes? | At the surface
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| Acid rain leads to? | death of plant and animal life
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| What are wetlands good for? | flood control and filtering water
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| 4 Types of Air Pollutants | - photo-chemicals (smog)
- carbon dioxide (greenhouse effect)
- sulfur, nitric oxides (acid rain)
- CFC's (ozone depletion
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| Smog causes? | car emissions
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| Greenhouse effect causes? | burning fossil fuels, deforestation
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| Acid rain causes? | coal burning, car emissions
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| CFC's causes? | refrigerants
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| Smog is responsible for? | respiratory diseases, cancer, and death
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| Over the last 100 years the average temp has increased by? | 1 degree F
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| Over the next 100 years the average temp is expected to rise by? | 4 to 8 degrees F
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| What is the pH level of normal rain? | 5.5
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| Eutrophication is? | over nutrients in water
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| What percent of water is used in households? | 10%
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| What percent of water is used in irrigation? | 70%
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| Where is the Ogallala Aquifer located? | East of the Rocky Mountains
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| What causes Desertification? | Overgrazing and Overcultivation
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| What percent of paper, yard waste, and plastic are there in solid waste? | Paper - 40%
Yard waste - 20%
Plastic - 10%
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| Where do hazardous wastes go? | Safe storage
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| Where does the majority of energy come from in developed countries? | Fossil fuels
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| Where does the majority of energy come from in developing countries? | Wood
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| How long will fossil fuels last? | 100-300 years
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| Where does nuclear waste go in the United States? | Yucca Mountain, Nevada
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| Wind power cost vs fossil fuel power cost | wind power more expensive in short term but probably cheaper in the long run
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| How to make "food go farther"? | Eat lower on the food chain
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| What happens to air in the tropics? | It rises and flows north and south
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| Matter is composed of? | Elements
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| Elements are composed of? | Atoms
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| Atoms are composed of? | protons, neutrons, and electrons
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| Atoms bond with other atoms to form? | Molecules
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| Atoms' ability to bond depends on? | Number of electrons
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| Innermost shell of an atom is filled when it has how many electrons? | 2
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| All other shells of an atom are filled when they have how many electrons? | 8
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| Atoms with the outermost shell filled are? | NOT reactive
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| Atoms with the outermost shell not filled are? | Reactive with atoms that will fill shell (ex. Hindenberg blimp blew up)
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| Covalent bonds? | Sharing of electrons
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| Ionic bonds? | Giving of electrons
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| Polar covalent bonds? | negative side and positive side
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| Acids are ____________ dissolved in water that _________ hydrogen ion concentration | increase
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| Bases are ___________ dissolved in water that __________ hydrogen ion concentration | decrease
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| Important elements for living things? (abv.) | CHNOPS
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| What do all organic molecules have in common? | contain carbon atoms
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| What are the 4 important organic molecules? | - carbohydrates
- lipids
- proteins
- nucleic acids
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| Unsaturated fats have? | Double bonds of carbon
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| How many important amino acids are there? | 20
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| What does DNA stand for? | Deoxyribonucleic Acid
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| ATP? | cells spending money (energy)
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| When was the cell theory developed? | mid 1800's
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| What is the cell theory? (3 parts) | 1. every organism is composed of cells
2. cells are the smallest unit of life
3. new cells come from existing cells
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| 2 major groups of organisms are? | - Prokaryote (bacteria)
- Eukaryotes (everything else)
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| Prokaryotic cells don't have? | a nucleus or organelles
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| Which ER has ribosomes? | Rough ER
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| Where is ATP made? | Mitochondria
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| what has a cell wall? | plants and fungi
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