Genetics
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| Trait | A characteristic of an organism.
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| Genetics | Pertaining to DNA, the hereditary material.
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| Gene | A section of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a particular trait.
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| Allele |
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| Homozygous |
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| Heterozygous |
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| Genotype |
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| Phenotype |
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| Karyotyping | The process by which an individual's chromosomes are examined by looking at enlarged images of them arranged on a grid according to size.
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| RNA or Messenger Molecule | An RNA molecule with a specific code for a polypeptide. This code is determined by the sequence of bases of the DNA molecule in the nucleus.
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| Restriction Enzyme |
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| Gel Electrophoresis | A method used to separate DNA fragments on the basis of their size.
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| DNA Fingerprinting |
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| Clone | A genetically identical organism.
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| Genetic Engineering |
The process which transfers genes to another organisms DNA resulting in recombinant DNA.
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| Recombinant DNA | The DNA of an organism that has been changed, usually by the addition of a gene.
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| Genetic screening |
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| Gene Therapy |
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| segment |
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| sequence |
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| amniocentesis | A procedure that removes amniotic fluid containing fetal cells for analysis to determine the presence of genetic defects.
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| autosomes | Chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes.
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| chromosome | A structure found in the cell nucleus that is made of DNA and protein. It contains the hereditary information.
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| cloning | The production of genetically identical organisms.
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| crossing-over | The equal exchange of genetic material by homologous chromosomes during the synapsis of meiosis.
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| deletion | A chromosomal abnormality in which a portion of the chromosome has been lost.
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| diploid | The 2n number that is the normal number of chromosomes for a particular species. The human diploid number is 46.
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| DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) | The nucleic acid that stores the hereditary information or genetic material. It is made of repeating units called nucleotides.
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| double helix | The shape of the DNA molecule, the spiral shape formed by the parallel strands.
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| gene mutation | Any change in the sequence of bases in DNA.
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| heredity | The sum total of genetically inherited characteristics which are passed from parents to offspring.
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| homologous chromosomes | A pair of chromosomes of the same size and shape that carry genes for the same trait.
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| independent assortment | Different traits that are carried on different chromosomes are inherited independently from one another.
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| insertion |
A mutation that is caused by the placement of a DNA nucleotide into an existing gene.
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| mutagenic agents | Any substance that can change the structure of the DNA, causing a mutation.
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| mutation | A change in the genetic material.
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| peptide | A small chain of amino acids.
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| protein |
An organic compound made of amino acids.
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| replication |
The copying of the exact base sequence of the DNA.
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| sex determination | In humans, the male determines the sex. XX is female while XY is male.
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| synthesis | A chemical process in which small molecules are joined make large molecules.
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| translocation | The transfer of a section of one chromosome to a chromosome with which it is not homologous
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| adenine | A nitrogenous base found in both DNA and RNA. It pairs with thymine in DNA, but pairs with uracil when RNA is synthesized.
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| cytosine | A nitrogenous base found in both DNA and RNA. It pairs with guanine.
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| guanine | A nitrogenous base found in both DNA and RNA. It pairs with cytosine.
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| recombination | The formation of new combinations of genes which can be the result of crossing-over during meiosis.
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| sex chromosomes | The pair of genes that determines the sex of the individual, with XX being female and XY being mal
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| substitution | The replacement of one nitrogenous base for another nitrogenous base.
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| technology | The practical application of scientific discoveries.thymine
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| thymine | A nitrogenous base found in DNA but not in RNA. It pairs with adenine.
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| biotechnology |
The use of recombinant DNA and genetic engineering in biological science.
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| inherited | Coming from ancestors
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| genome | all of an organism's genetic material (DNA)
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Created by:
Dr. Lamont
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