Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Function of rRNA | Is in the ribosome for site of translation, reads the codons on mRNA
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| Function of tRNA | Carries amino acids to the ribosomes
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| Function of mRNA | carries the generic information from DNA in the form of codons (nucleotide sequence)
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| During DNA replication, what two processes must occur before the two strands of a DNA can separate? | 1.) Hydrogen bonds between base pairs must be broken
2.) Molecule must unwind
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| 3 parts of RNA nucleotide | 1.) Ribose molecule
2.) A phosphate group
3.) Nitrogenous Base
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| What must happen to the DNA molecule before RNA polymerase can make RNA? | The DNA must be separated into two strands
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| What would happen if codons consisted of fewer than 3 bases? | The bases could not combine in enough ways to produce codons for specifying the 20 different amino acids
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| Mule=Donkey+Horse. What can you conclude about the characteristics of the mule? | Some donk dink donk dink, some horse characteristics
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| How are selective breeding techniques of hybridization and inbreeding opposites? | Hybridization= organisms with different traits crossed (donk dink donk dink + horse = mule)
Inbreeding= organisms with similar traits are crossed
(purebred doggies)
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| What is a POLYPLOID organism? | Organism that has many sets of chromosomes
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| Why would breeders want to increase a populationâs mutation rate? | It increases the chances of individuals within the population having desirable traits, which then can be selected for using breeding techniques
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| What is the likely effect of treating a sample of DNA with more than one kind of restriction enzyme? | More DNA fragments of different sizes
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| What does polymerase chain reaction enable scientists to make? | Many copies of a gene
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| What is the significance of sticky ends? | They allow the fragment to be inserted into a piece of DNA that has the same sticky ends. (They can STICK to another DNA!)
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| Whatâs a plasmid? | Circular DNA molecule that scientists use to transform bacteria and plants
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| How can gel electrophoresis be used to tell whether a transformation experiment was successful? | You can compare banding patterns of DNA samples taken before and after
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| What is a transgenic organism? | An organism produced by genetic engineering that contains genes from another kind of organism
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| Why do transgenic bacteria that have the gene for human insulin produce insulin in great abundance? | Bacteria reproduce quickly, so the more transgenic bacteria there are, the more insulin produced
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| Why does the human insulin gene produce the same protein in humans and in transgenic bacteria? | The gene determines what protein is produced, not the organism in which it is found.
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| Compare the sexes of an animal clone and the animal from which it was cloned. Explain your answer. | They are always the same sex because they are genetically identical.
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| Why might different alleles of the same gene produce different fragments when treated with the same restriction enzyme? | 1.) different DNA sequences that include different numbers of copies of the enzymeâs recognition site
2.) different locations of the recognition site within the allele
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| Why do scientists use sections of DNA that have little or no known function to do DNA fingerprinting? | These sections of DNA vary widely from person to person
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| Why are viruses used in gene therapy? | They can transfer genes into human cells
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