Forces That Shape the Earth; 6th Grade
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Stress that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions | shearing
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| A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume | stress
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| In a normal fault, the part of the fault that lies below the other part | footwall
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| Which type of stress force produces reverse faults? | compression
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| A large area of flat land elevated high above sea level | Plateau
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| The point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and triggers and earthquake | focus
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| The type of seismic waves that arrive at the surface first and move by compressing and expanding the ground like an accordion | P waves
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| S waves are also known as ____________ | secondary waves
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| Compared to P waves and S waves, surface waves move ____________ | slower
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| In what direction do seismic waves carry the energy of an earthquake? | away from the focus
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| What waves can travel through both liquids and solids? | P waves
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| What does a seismograph record? | the ground movements caused by seismic waves
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| To tell how far an earthquake's epicenter is from a seismograph, scientists measure the difference between what? | the arrival times of the P waves and S waves
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| What is the minimum number of seismograph stations required in order to determine the exact location of an earthquake's epicenter? | 3
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| What is the correct order, from first to last, in which different types of seismic waves arrive at a seismograph? | P waves, S waves, surface waves
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| Before lava reaches the surface, the molten material is called ___________ | magma
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| The volcanoes along converging oceanic plate boundaries may form _______________ | an island arc
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| A long tube in the ground that connects the magma chamber to Earth's surface | pipe
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| What provides the force that causes magma to erupt to the surface? | dissolved gasses trapped in the magma
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| If a volcano's magma is high is silica, the volcano will probably __________________ | erupt explosively
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| What triggers the small earthquakes that occur around a volcano before eruption? | upward movement of magma
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| Tall, cone-shaped mountains in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash are called _________________ | composite volcanoes
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| When many layers of thin, runny lava build up a high, level area, the result is a _______________ | lava plateau
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| The huge hole left by the collapse of a volcanic mountain is called a _______________ | caldera
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| When ash, cinders, and bombs build up in a steep pile around a volcano's vent, the result is a ___________________ | cinder cone volcano
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| When magma hardens in a volcano's pipe, the result will eventually be a landform called a _________________ | volcanic neck
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| When goundwater heated by magma rises to the surface and collects in a natural pool, it is called a _________________ | hot spring
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| In volcanic areas, groundwater heated by magma is a source of ___________________ | geothermal energy
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| The stress force that pulls on the crust where two plates are moving apart | tension
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| The stress force that causes a mass of rock to move in opposite directions | shearing
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| A fault that is formed when compression causes the hanging wall to move over the foot wall | reverse fault
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| The block of rock that lies above a fault | hanging wall
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| Shearing creates __________________ faults. | strike-slip
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| Vibrations that move through the ground carrying the energy released during an earthquake | seismic waves
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| On a map, geologists draw circles around seismograph stations in order to determine the location of an earthquake's _________________ | epicenter
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| Stress that pulls on the crust, stretching rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle | tension
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| Molten material that leaves the volcano's vent | lava
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| The bowl-shaped area around a volcano's central vent | crater
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| How does a shield volcano form? | repeated lava flows build up a broad, gently sloping mountain
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| How does a lava plateau form? | lava seeps out of several cracks and then travels a distance before cooling
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| How does a caldera form? | huge hole is left by the collapse of a volcanic mountain
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| What are the three stages of a volcano? | Active, Dormant, Extinct
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| What is an active volcano? | It is erupting or may erupt in the near future
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| Describe a dormant volcano. | It may awaken in the future and become active
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| Describe an extinct volcano. | It is unlikely to erupt again
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