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Forces That Shape
Forces That Shape the Earth; 6th Grade
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Stress that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions | shearing |
| A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume | stress |
| In a normal fault, the part of the fault that lies below the other part | footwall |
| Which type of stress force produces reverse faults? | compression |
| A large area of flat land elevated high above sea level | Plateau |
| The point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and triggers and earthquake | focus |
| The type of seismic waves that arrive at the surface first and move by compressing and expanding the ground like an accordion | P waves |
| S waves are also known as ____________ | secondary waves |
| Compared to P waves and S waves, surface waves move ____________ | slower |
| In what direction do seismic waves carry the energy of an earthquake? | away from the focus |
| What waves can travel through both liquids and solids? | P waves |
| What does a seismograph record? | the ground movements caused by seismic waves |
| To tell how far an earthquake's epicenter is from a seismograph, scientists measure the difference between what? | the arrival times of the P waves and S waves |
| What is the minimum number of seismograph stations required in order to determine the exact location of an earthquake's epicenter? | 3 |
| What is the correct order, from first to last, in which different types of seismic waves arrive at a seismograph? | P waves, S waves, surface waves |
| Before lava reaches the surface, the molten material is called ___________ | magma |
| The volcanoes along converging oceanic plate boundaries may form _______________ | an island arc |
| A long tube in the ground that connects the magma chamber to Earth's surface | pipe |
| What provides the force that causes magma to erupt to the surface? | dissolved gasses trapped in the magma |
| If a volcano's magma is high is silica, the volcano will probably __________________ | erupt explosively |
| What triggers the small earthquakes that occur around a volcano before eruption? | upward movement of magma |
| Tall, cone-shaped mountains in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash are called _________________ | composite volcanoes |
| When many layers of thin, runny lava build up a high, level area, the result is a _______________ | lava plateau |
| The huge hole left by the collapse of a volcanic mountain is called a _______________ | caldera |
| When ash, cinders, and bombs build up in a steep pile around a volcano's vent, the result is a ___________________ | cinder cone volcano |
| When magma hardens in a volcano's pipe, the result will eventually be a landform called a _________________ | volcanic neck |
| When goundwater heated by magma rises to the surface and collects in a natural pool, it is called a _________________ | hot spring |
| In volcanic areas, groundwater heated by magma is a source of ___________________ | geothermal energy |
| The stress force that pulls on the crust where two plates are moving apart | tension |
| The stress force that causes a mass of rock to move in opposite directions | shearing |
| A fault that is formed when compression causes the hanging wall to move over the foot wall | reverse fault |
| The block of rock that lies above a fault | hanging wall |
| Shearing creates __________________ faults. | strike-slip |
| Vibrations that move through the ground carrying the energy released during an earthquake | seismic waves |
| On a map, geologists draw circles around seismograph stations in order to determine the location of an earthquake's _________________ | epicenter |
| Stress that pulls on the crust, stretching rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle | tension |
| Molten material that leaves the volcano's vent | lava |
| The bowl-shaped area around a volcano's central vent | crater |
| How does a shield volcano form? | repeated lava flows build up a broad, gently sloping mountain |
| How does a lava plateau form? | lava seeps out of several cracks and then travels a distance before cooling |
| How does a caldera form? | huge hole is left by the collapse of a volcanic mountain |
| What are the three stages of a volcano? | Active, Dormant, Extinct |
| What is an active volcano? | It is erupting or may erupt in the near future |
| Describe a dormant volcano. | It may awaken in the future and become active |
| Describe an extinct volcano. | It is unlikely to erupt again |
Created by:
Pacelli
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