All the necessary and important terms needed to know accouding to the review.
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Number of Phalanges in Upper & Lower Extremities | Each extremity has 14 phalanges, with every finger/toe having 3 bones, excluding the thumbs and big toe, which only have 2. There are 56 phalanges total
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| Diaphysis | The shaft or central part of a long bone
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| Bone Marrow | The material in bones that produces red blood cells, platelets and some white blood cells. Red Marrow: Produces red blood cells, platelets and white blood cells. Yellow marrow: White blood cells and storage area for fat cells or soft tissue in diaphysis.
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| Fontanels | Spaces/Soft spots that allow for the enlargement of the skull as brain growth occurs, typically in a fetus when ossification is not done and sutures not fully formed. Made of membrane/cartilage that turn into bone by around 18 months. Main: par/frontal
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| Sutures | Areas where the cranial bone have joined together; stitch or row of stitches between two bones like in the skull
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| Where floating ribs connect on the posterior side | Connects to the vertebrae, rather than3: sternum
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| Joints | Areas where two or more bones join together
3 types of joints: Diarthrosis/synoval, Amphiathrosis, Synathrosis
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| Number of ribs and names | First 7: True ribs
Next: False Ribs
Last 2: Floating ribs
Total: 24
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| Vertebrae- Location and name | First 7: Cervical- Back of neck
Next 12: Thoracic - Behind ribcage, heart, etc.
Next 5: Lumbar- Lower Back
Sacrum: (1-5 fused)- Bottom of spine
Coccyx: (1-4 fused)- Aka tailbone, bottom of spine
Total: 26 bones
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| Invertebral disks | Act as shock absorbers between each vertebrae in the spinal column by keeping the vertebrae separated in case of impact during activity. Protects nerves that run down spine
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| Bursitis | An inflammation of the bursae, which are small fluid-filled sacs surrounding the joints, to decrease friction. It frequently affects joints that perform frequent repetitive motions like the shoulder, elbows, hips or knees.
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| Comminuted and compound/open fractures | Comminuted: A break or splinter of the bone in two or more fragments.
Compound: An injury in which a broken bone pierces the skin, causing risk of infection
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| Scoliosis | A side to side, or lateral curvature of the spine
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| Kyphosis | Aka the hunchback, and is a rounded bowing of the back of the thoracic area
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| Axial Skeleton Bones | Includes: Skull (28 bones, with auditory ossicles), Hyoid Bone (1), Vertebral column (26), Thoracic cage- ribs and sternum (25)
80 total bones
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| Appendicular skeleton Bones | Includes:Pectoral girdle (2 scapulas, 2 clavicles), Upper limbs (1 arm, 2 forearm, 8 carpals, 5 metacarpals, 3 phalanges per finger, 2 in thumb), Pelvic girdle (2 coxae), Lower limbs ( 1 thigh, 2 leg, 7 tarsals, 5 metatarsal, 3 phalanges, 2 in thumb) =128
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| 5 Functions of the skeletal system | 1.Framework: Supports the body- holds skin, fat and muscles
2.Protection: Protects vital organs
3.Levers: Provides movement- muscles attach to bones
4.Production of blood cells
5. Storage: Stores calcium, phosphorus and fats
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| Number of adult bones | 206
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| Tendons | Bands of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscles to bones
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| Ligaments | Fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone
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| The shaft of long bones is called | Diaphysis
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| Rickets | Disease affecting bone development that creates a softening and weakening of bones in children, typically because of lack of Vitamin D
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| Podiatrist | Foot, leg and ankle surgeon who studies and treats illnesses and injuries to the lower extremities
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| Foramina | Openings in bones that allows nerves and blood vessels to enter/leave the bone
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| Bones that form the elbow | Humerus, Ulna, Radius
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| Synathrosis | A type of joint that allows little to no movement under normal conditions. Most of these joints are fibrous. Ex: Upper part of the skull
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| Dislocation | When a bone is forcibly displaced from a joint. Frequently occurs in shoulders,fingers, hips, knees, etc. Treated with puttimg back into place or cast
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| Sprain | Injury to a joint accompanied by the stretching or tearing if ligaments
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| Strain | Injury caused by excessive stretching or misuse of a muscle
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| Cervical vertebrae | First: Atlas
Second: Axis
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| Os coxae Bones | Includes: Illium, ischium, and pubis
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| Osteoporosis | Disorder of Increased porosity or softening of the bone caused by a hormone deficiency, prolonged lack of calcium in diet and a sedentary lifestyle
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| Herniated or ruptured disc | Occurs when an invertebral disk ruptures or protrudes out of place, causing pressure on the spinal nerve
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| Long bones | Connected with large movement, are long cylindrical with growth heads (epiphyses), which is covered by articular cartilage at either end. Outer layer- Hard, called compact bone
Inside- Spongy, called cancellous bone
Ex: Femur, Humerus, phalanges
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| Short bones | Almost cube shaped, associated with smaller, more complex movements.
Ex: Carpals and Tarsals
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| Flat bones | Protect internal organs
Ex: Shull, ribs, scapula, sternum. pelvic girdle
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| Irregular bones | Irregular in shape
Ex: Vertebrae, some facial bones
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| Sesamoid bones | Small bones held within tendons, cartilage separated (acts as shock absorber)
Ex: Patella
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