DNA, Protein Synthesis, Enzymes
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Deoxyribose | Sugar fond in DNA sugar-phosphate backbone
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| Ribose | Sugar found in RNA sugar-phosphate backbone
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| Nitrogenous Base | The rungs of the "DNA ladder" structure attached to the sugar backbone Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil
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| Phosphate | Combines with deoyribose and ribose to from sugar-phosphate backbone in DNA and RNA respectively
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| DNA | AKA Deoxyribonucleic Acid is a double helix structure that stores genetic material, for replication and protein synthesis
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| RNA | AKA Ribonucleic Acid is a single strand structure
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| Adenine | A base that bonds with Thymine
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| Guanine | A base that bonds with Cytosine
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| Cytosine | A base that bonds with Guanine
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| Thymine | DNA base that bonds with Adenine
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| Uracil | RNA base that bonds with Adenine
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| Sugar-Phosphate Backbone | Made of phosphate and deoxyribose
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| DNA and RNA is made up of? | Polynucleotides
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| DNA polynucleotides are made up of? | Three parts phosphate, deoxyribose, and a base that contains nitrogen
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| Purines | Double ring structure
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| Pyrminidine | Single ring structure
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| RNA polynucleotides are made up of? | Ribose sugar
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| mRNA | Carries the DNA message to the ribosome in the cytoplasm
AKA messenger RNA
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| rRNA | A component of ribosomes
AKA ribosomal RNA
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| tRNA | Delivers individual amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis
AKA transfer RNA
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| Replication | Process of copying DNA into 2 identical DNA strands
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| Semi-Conservative Replication | Each original strand of un zipped DNA provides a template for the formation of a complementary new strand
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| DNA Polymerase | Join free floating nucleotides to form a new strand of DNA in semi-conservative replication
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| DNA Helicase | Enzyme that breaks down hydrogen bonds and is responsible for un zipping DNA
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| Mutation | Change of bases on DNA during replication
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| Haploid | Half cell
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| Mitosis | Parent cell divides into two identical daughter cells
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| Meosis | Parent cell divides into four haploid cells
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| Cytokinesis | Division of cytoplasm and organelles
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| Kariokinesis | Division of nucleus
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| Genetic Engineering | changing an organism's DNA to serve medical or industrial purposes
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| Recombinant DNA | a mixture of DNA from two or more different organisms; segments of DNA from one organism are inserted into the chromosomes of another host organism
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| Vector | a piece of a host organism's DNA to which another organism's DNA can be added
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| Plasmid | rings of bacterial DNA to which foreign DNA is added
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| Codon | A series of three mRNA nucleotides that code to form a specific amino acid eg A-A-G codes for lysine
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| DNA Sequence (genetic code) | Refers to the sequence of 4 nitrogenous base in a DNA double helix
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| Initiation | First step of translation phase
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| Messenger RNA | Carries a comy of DNA instructions to a ribosome
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| Promoter | A specific area in the DNA where the enzyme RNA polymerase begins unzipping the DNA
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| RNA Polymerase | The enzyme responsible for unzipping DNA
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| Termination | End of translation of a polypeptide
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| Transcription | The process by which DNA forms the template for RNA
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| Anticodon | 3 nucleotide code on mRNA strand that codes to make an amino acid there are 64 codes to make 22 different amino acids
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| Elongation | Stage of translation with transferRNA deliver amino acids to messengerRNA and form polypeptides
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| Polypeptide | Chain of amino acids joined together with peptide bonds
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| Polyribosome | AKA Polysome, a group of ribosomes translating the same strand of mRNA at different places during translation
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| Start/Stop Codons | Series of three mRNA that codes for a start or stop of transcription
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| Translation | Process in which the sequence of codons in mRNA dictate the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide
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Created by:
Raquel Wicks
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