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Module 2
DNA, Protein Synthesis, Enzymes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Deoxyribose | Sugar fond in DNA sugar-phosphate backbone |
| Ribose | Sugar found in RNA sugar-phosphate backbone |
| Nitrogenous Base | The rungs of the "DNA ladder" structure attached to the sugar backbone Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil |
| Phosphate | Combines with deoyribose and ribose to from sugar-phosphate backbone in DNA and RNA respectively |
| DNA | AKA Deoxyribonucleic Acid is a double helix structure that stores genetic material, for replication and protein synthesis |
| RNA | AKA Ribonucleic Acid is a single strand structure |
| Adenine | A base that bonds with Thymine |
| Guanine | A base that bonds with Cytosine |
| Cytosine | A base that bonds with Guanine |
| Thymine | DNA base that bonds with Adenine |
| Uracil | RNA base that bonds with Adenine |
| Sugar-Phosphate Backbone | Made of phosphate and deoxyribose |
| DNA and RNA is made up of? | Polynucleotides |
| DNA polynucleotides are made up of? | Three parts phosphate, deoxyribose, and a base that contains nitrogen |
| Purines | Double ring structure |
| Pyrminidine | Single ring structure |
| RNA polynucleotides are made up of? | Ribose sugar |
| mRNA | Carries the DNA message to the ribosome in the cytoplasm AKA messenger RNA |
| rRNA | A component of ribosomes AKA ribosomal RNA |
| tRNA | Delivers individual amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis AKA transfer RNA |
| Replication | Process of copying DNA into 2 identical DNA strands |
| Semi-Conservative Replication | Each original strand of un zipped DNA provides a template for the formation of a complementary new strand |
| DNA Polymerase | Join free floating nucleotides to form a new strand of DNA in semi-conservative replication |
| DNA Helicase | Enzyme that breaks down hydrogen bonds and is responsible for un zipping DNA |
| Mutation | Change of bases on DNA during replication |
| Haploid | Half cell |
| Mitosis | Parent cell divides into two identical daughter cells |
| Meosis | Parent cell divides into four haploid cells |
| Cytokinesis | Division of cytoplasm and organelles |
| Kariokinesis | Division of nucleus |
| Genetic Engineering | changing an organism's DNA to serve medical or industrial purposes |
| Recombinant DNA | a mixture of DNA from two or more different organisms; segments of DNA from one organism are inserted into the chromosomes of another host organism |
| Vector | a piece of a host organism's DNA to which another organism's DNA can be added |
| Plasmid | rings of bacterial DNA to which foreign DNA is added |
| Codon | A series of three mRNA nucleotides that code to form a specific amino acid eg A-A-G codes for lysine |
| DNA Sequence (genetic code) | Refers to the sequence of 4 nitrogenous base in a DNA double helix |
| Initiation | First step of translation phase |
| Messenger RNA | Carries a comy of DNA instructions to a ribosome |
| Promoter | A specific area in the DNA where the enzyme RNA polymerase begins unzipping the DNA |
| RNA Polymerase | The enzyme responsible for unzipping DNA |
| Termination | End of translation of a polypeptide |
| Transcription | The process by which DNA forms the template for RNA |
| Anticodon | 3 nucleotide code on mRNA strand that codes to make an amino acid there are 64 codes to make 22 different amino acids |
| Elongation | Stage of translation with transferRNA deliver amino acids to messengerRNA and form polypeptides |
| Polypeptide | Chain of amino acids joined together with peptide bonds |
| Polyribosome | AKA Polysome, a group of ribosomes translating the same strand of mRNA at different places during translation |
| Start/Stop Codons | Series of three mRNA that codes for a start or stop of transcription |
| Translation | Process in which the sequence of codons in mRNA dictate the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide |
Created by:
Raquel Wicks
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