DNA and Proteins
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| bacteriophage | virus that affects bacteria
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| nucleotide | monomer that forms a DNA and has a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base
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| double helix | model that compares the structure of a DNA molecule, in which two strands wind around one another, to that of a twisted ladder
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| base pairing rules | rule that describes how nucleotides form bonds in DNA; adenine (A) always bonds with thymine (T), and guanine (G) always bonds with cytosine (C)
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| replication | process by which DNA is copied
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| DNA polymerase | enzyme that makes bonds between nucleotides, forming an identical strand of DNA during replication
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| central dogma | theory that states that, in cells, information only flows from DNA to RNA to proteins
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| RNA | nucleic acid molecule that allows for the transmission of genetic information and protein synthesis
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| transcription | process of copying a nucleotide sequence of DNA to form a complementary strand of mRNA
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| RNA polymerase | enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of a complementary strand of RNA from a DNA template
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| messenger RNA | form of RNA that carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis
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| ribosomal RNA | RNA that is in the ribosome and guides the translation of mRNA into a protein; also used as a molecular clock
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| transfer RNA | form of RNA that brings amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis
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| translation | process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced
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| codon | sequence of three nucleotides that codes for one amino acid
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| stop codon | codon that signals to ribosomes to stop translation
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| start codon | codon that signals to ribosomes to begin translation; codes for the first amino acid in a protein
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| anticodon | set of three nucleotides in a tRNA molecule that binds to a complementary mRNA during translation
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| promoter | section of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds, starting the transcription of mRNA
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| operon | section of DNA that contains all of the code to begin transcription, regulate transcription, and build a protein; includes a promoter, regulatory gene, and structural gene
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| exon | sequence of DNA that codes information for protein synthesis
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| intron | segment of a gene that does not code for an amino acid
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| mutation | change in the DNA sequence
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| point mutation | mutation that involves a substitution of only one nucleotide
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| frameshift mutation | mutation that involves the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in the DNA sequence
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| mutagen | agent that can induce or increase the frequency of mutation in organisms
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Created by:
harolds21
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