Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary, and Pancreatic Systems
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| BASAL CELL SECRETION TEST | GASTRIC ANALYSIS; MEASURES THE AMOUTH OF GASTRIC ACID PRODUCED IN 1 HOUR
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| CAPUT MEDUSA | BLUISH PURPLE SWOLLEN VEIN PATTERN EXTENDING OUT FROM THE NAVEL
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| BOWEL SOUNDS | SOFT CLICKS/GURGLES THAT MAY BE HEARD EVERY 5-15 SECONDS, OCCURRING IRREGULARLY 5-30 TIMES/MIN (NORMAL)
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| CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN | CLASS OF ANTIGENS NORMALLY PRESENT IN FETAL CELLS; CEA LEVEL IS ELEVATED IN MANY CANCERS & IS MEASURED TO GUIDE CANCER TREATMENT
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| COLONOSCOPY | EXAMINATION OF THE UPPER PORTION OF THE RECTUM WITH A COLONOSCOPE
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| ENDOSCOPY | PROCEDURE IN WHICH AN INSTRUMENT IS INTRODUCED INTO THE BODY TO GIVE A VIEW OF ITS INTERNAL PARTS
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| ESOPHAGOGASTRODUODENOSCOPY (EGD) | AN ENDOSCOPIC PROCEDURE THAT ALLOWS THE PHYSICAL TO VIEW THE ESOPHAGUS, STOMACH, & DUODENUM
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| ESOPHAGOSCOPY | EXAMINATION OF THE ESOPHAGUS USING AN ENDOSCOPE
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| FLUOROSCOPE | DEVICE CONSISTING OF A FLUORESCENT SCREEN SUITABLY MOUNTED, EITHER SEPARETELY OR IN CONJUNCTION W/ AN X-RAY TUBE, BY MEANS OF WHICH THE SHADOWS OF OBJECTS INTERPOSED BETWEEN THE TUBE & THE SCREEN ARE MADE VISIBLE
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| GASTRIC ACID SIMULATION TEST | TEST THAT MEASURES THE AMOUNT OF GASTRIC ACID FOR 1 HOUR AFTER SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTION OF A DRUG THAT STIMULATES GASTRIC ACID SECRETION
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| GASTRIC ANALYSIS | TEST PERFORMED TO MEASURE SECRETIONS OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID & PEPSIN IN THE STOMACH
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| GASTROSCOPY | EXAMINATION OF THE STOMACH & ABDOMINAL CAVITY BY USE OF A GASTROSCOPE
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| GASTROSTOMY | SURGICAL CREATION OF A GASTRIC FISTULA THROUGH THE ABDOMINAL WALL
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| GAVAGE | FEEDING W/ A STOMACH TUBE OR W/ A TUBE PASSED THROUGH THE NARES, PHARYNX, & ESOPHAGUS INTO THE STOMACH (LIQUID OR SEMI-LIQUID FORM)
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| ICTERUS | YELLOWING OF THE SKIN & THE SCLERA OF THE EYE (SIGN OF LIVER, GALLBLADDER, OR RED BLOOD CELL DISORDERS)
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| IMPACTION | AN IMMOVABLE ACCUMULATION OF FECES IN THE BOWELS
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| JAUNDICE | YELLOWING OF THE SKIN & SCLERA OF THE EYE
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| LAVAGE | WASHING OUT OF A CAVITY
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| LOWER GASTROINTESTINAL SERIES | USE OF BARIUM SULFATE AS AN ENEMA TO FACILITATE X-RAY AND FLUOROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF THE COLON
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| OCCULT BLOOD | CHEMICAL TEST OR MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION FOR BLOOD, ESPECIALLY IN FECES, THAT IS NOT APPARENT ON VISUAL INSPECTION
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| PERIPHERAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION | NUTRITION BY PERIPHERAL IV INJECTION
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| PERISTALSIS | PROGRESSIVE, WAVE-LIKE MOVEMENT THAT OCCURS INVOLUNTARILY IN HOLLOW TUBES OF THE BODY SUCH AS THE ALIMENTARY (DIGESTIVE) CANAL; CAUSES CONTENTS OF TUBE TO BE MOVED ONWARD
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| PROCTOSIGMOIDOSCOPY | VISUAL EXAMINATION OF THE RECTUM; SIGMOID COLON BY USE OF A SIGMOIDOSCOPE
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| RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY (ERCP) | AN ENDOSCOPIC PROCEDURE THAT PERMITS THE PHYSICIAN TO VISUALIZE THE LIVE, GALLBLADDER, & PANCREAS USING AN ENDOSCOPE, DYE, & X-RAY EXAM
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| SPIDER ANGIOMA | THIN REDDISH-PURPLE VEIN LINES CLOSE TO THE SKIN SURFACE
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| STEATORRHEA | FAT IN THE STOOLS; MAY BE ASSOC. W/ PANCREATIC DISEASE
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| STRIAE | LINE OR BAND OF ELEVATED OR DEPRESSED TISSUE; MAY DIFFER IN COLOR OR TEXTURE FROM SURROUNDING TISSUE (EX: STRETCH MARKS)
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| UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL SERIES (UPPER GI) | X-RAY & FLUOROSCOPIC EXAMINATIONS OF THE STOMACH & DUODENUM AFTER THE INGESTION OF A CONTRAST MEDIUM
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| ACID BREAKS DOWNS FOOD INTO ____________________ | CHIME
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| ORAL CAVITY CONSISTS OF: | TEETH - MECHANICAL DIGESTION
TONGUE
SALIVARY GLANDS (parotid, submandibular, sublingual)
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| SALIVA ENZYME = AMYLASE = | DIGESTS STARCH TO MALTOSE
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| STOMACH | -UPPER LEFT QUADRANT
-EXTENDS FROM ESOPHAGUS TO DUODENUM
-4 REGIONS (cardia, fundus, body, pylorus)
-3 LAYERS OF SMOOTH MUSCLE (outer longitudinal, middle circular, inner oblique)
-4 LAYERS OF STOMACH WALL (serosa, muscularis, submucosa, mucosa)
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| CARBOHYDRATES ARE MOST READILY DIGESTED | FOLLOWED BY PROTEINS & FATS
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| SMALL INTESTINE | -APPROX. 20 FT. LONG
-IN THE PERITONEAL CAVITY
-EXTENDS FROM STOMACH TO THE CECUM (colon)
-3 PARTS: 1. DUODENUM
2. JEJUNUM
3. ILEUM
-DIGESTION COMPLETION
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| LARGE INTESTINE | -MOST WATER IS ABSORBED
-EXTENDS FROM ILEUM TO ANUS
-TEMPORARILY STORES & THEN ELIMINATES INDIGESTIBLE MATERIAL
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| LIVER | -RIGHT SIDE & CENTER OF UPPER ABD. CAVITY
-RIGHT LOBE LARGER THAN LEFT LOB
-RECEIVES OXYGENATED BLOOD BY WAY OF HEPATIC ARTERY
-ALL BLOOD LEAVES THROUGH HEPATIC VEIN
-PRODUCTION OF BILE
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| GALLBLADDER | -APPROX. 4 FT. .ONG
-UNDERSURFACE OF THE LIVER
-RECEIVES BILE & GALLBLADDER CONCENTRATES
-CHOLECYSTOKININ STIMULATES GALLBLADDER CONTRACTION
-FORCES BILE INTO CYSTIC DUCT INTO COMMON DUCT INTO DUODENUM
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| PANCREAS | -APPROX. 6 FT. LONG
-ENZYME AMYLASE DIGESTS STARCH TO MALTOSE
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| AFRICAN AMERICAN | OBESITY IS A POSITIVE
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| APPALACIANS | DEFICIENT IN VIT. A, IRON, & CALCIUM
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| ARABS | RIGHT HAND EATERS (CLEAN HAND), LEFT HAND FOR TOILETING, DO NOT DRINK WITH MEAL
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| MUSLIM | PROHIBITED TO DRINK ALCOHOL OR EAT PORK
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| ASIAN INDIANS | RICE EATING DEFICIENCIES, EAT CHILIS IODINE DEFICIENCY IN FOOD & WATER
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| BRAZILIANS | LACTOSE INTOLERANCE
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| JEWS | "KOSHER" FIT FOR EATING ACCORDING TO LAW
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| MEXICAN AMERICAN | "GOD'S WILL", HOT & COLD ILLNESSES
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| ABSENT BOWEL SOUNDS | 3-5 MINUTES
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| ALT (ALANINE) | 5 - 35 UNIT/dL
INCREASE W/ INJURY TO LIVER/HEPATITIS
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| ALBUMIN (PROTEIN) | 3.1 - 4.3 G/dL
DECREASE WITH LIVER DISEASE
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| AMYLASE (MONITORS PANCREAS) | 53 - 123 UNIT/L
INCREASE W/ PANCREATITIS OR GALLSTONES
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| AMMONIA (BREAKDOWN PROTEIN) | 12 -55 MOL/L
INCREASE W/ LIVER DAMAGE OR HEPATITIS
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| AST (ASPARTATE)(LIVER ENZYME) | 8 -20 UNIT/L
RELEASED IN BLOOD WHEN CELLS DIE
INCREASE W/ LIVER FAILURE, HEPATITIS, PANCREATITIS
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| BILIRUBIN (LIVER FUNCTION) | 0.1 -1 MG/dL
TOTAL SERUM (CONJUGATED + UNCONJUGATED)
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| CALCIUM | 9 -10.5 MG/dL
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| CHOLESTEROL | 150 - 200 MG/dL
IN BLOOD STREAM
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| LDH (LACTIC) | 110 -250 IU/L
RELEASED W/ INJURY OR DISEASE
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| NUCLEAR SCANNING | INJECTING RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPE; CHOLESCINTIGRAPHY, DISIDA, HIDA, PIPIDA SCANS
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| LIVER SCAN | INJECTING SLIGHTY RADIOACTIVE MEDIUM; SCAN PASSED OVER
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| ESOPHAGOGASTRODUODENOSCOPY (EGD) | ESOPHAGUS
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| NON-INVASIVE | UPPER GI SERIES
LOWER GI SERIES
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| INVASIVE | NUCLEAR SCANNING
EGD
ERCP
PROCTOSIGMOIDOSCOPY
COLONOSCOPY
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| NG | TEMPORARY/SHORT TERM
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| ESOPHAGOSTOMY GASTROSTOMY JEJUNOSTOMY | LONG TERM
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| NG PLACEMENT | MARKER OR X-RAY
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| ENTERAL NUTRITION | NUTRITION PROVIDED WHEN ORALLY IS NOT
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| GASTROINTESTINAL DECOMPRESSION | WHEN STOMACH/SM. INTESTINE BECOME FILLED W/ AIR/FLUID
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| PARENTERAL NUTRITION (PN) | NUTRITION BY CENTRAL OR PERIPHERAL IV ROUTE
TO IMPROVE PTS. NUTRITIONAL STATUS
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| PERIPHERAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION (PNN) | NUTRIENTS VIA IV ROUTE, BUT NO CENTRAL VEIN
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