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HEALTH CONCEPTS
Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary, and Pancreatic Systems
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| BASAL CELL SECRETION TEST | GASTRIC ANALYSIS; MEASURES THE AMOUTH OF GASTRIC ACID PRODUCED IN 1 HOUR |
| CAPUT MEDUSA | BLUISH PURPLE SWOLLEN VEIN PATTERN EXTENDING OUT FROM THE NAVEL |
| BOWEL SOUNDS | SOFT CLICKS/GURGLES THAT MAY BE HEARD EVERY 5-15 SECONDS, OCCURRING IRREGULARLY 5-30 TIMES/MIN (NORMAL) |
| CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN | CLASS OF ANTIGENS NORMALLY PRESENT IN FETAL CELLS; CEA LEVEL IS ELEVATED IN MANY CANCERS & IS MEASURED TO GUIDE CANCER TREATMENT |
| COLONOSCOPY | EXAMINATION OF THE UPPER PORTION OF THE RECTUM WITH A COLONOSCOPE |
| ENDOSCOPY | PROCEDURE IN WHICH AN INSTRUMENT IS INTRODUCED INTO THE BODY TO GIVE A VIEW OF ITS INTERNAL PARTS |
| ESOPHAGOGASTRODUODENOSCOPY (EGD) | AN ENDOSCOPIC PROCEDURE THAT ALLOWS THE PHYSICAL TO VIEW THE ESOPHAGUS, STOMACH, & DUODENUM |
| ESOPHAGOSCOPY | EXAMINATION OF THE ESOPHAGUS USING AN ENDOSCOPE |
| FLUOROSCOPE | DEVICE CONSISTING OF A FLUORESCENT SCREEN SUITABLY MOUNTED, EITHER SEPARETELY OR IN CONJUNCTION W/ AN X-RAY TUBE, BY MEANS OF WHICH THE SHADOWS OF OBJECTS INTERPOSED BETWEEN THE TUBE & THE SCREEN ARE MADE VISIBLE |
| GASTRIC ACID SIMULATION TEST | TEST THAT MEASURES THE AMOUNT OF GASTRIC ACID FOR 1 HOUR AFTER SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTION OF A DRUG THAT STIMULATES GASTRIC ACID SECRETION |
| GASTRIC ANALYSIS | TEST PERFORMED TO MEASURE SECRETIONS OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID & PEPSIN IN THE STOMACH |
| GASTROSCOPY | EXAMINATION OF THE STOMACH & ABDOMINAL CAVITY BY USE OF A GASTROSCOPE |
| GASTROSTOMY | SURGICAL CREATION OF A GASTRIC FISTULA THROUGH THE ABDOMINAL WALL |
| GAVAGE | FEEDING W/ A STOMACH TUBE OR W/ A TUBE PASSED THROUGH THE NARES, PHARYNX, & ESOPHAGUS INTO THE STOMACH (LIQUID OR SEMI-LIQUID FORM) |
| ICTERUS | YELLOWING OF THE SKIN & THE SCLERA OF THE EYE (SIGN OF LIVER, GALLBLADDER, OR RED BLOOD CELL DISORDERS) |
| IMPACTION | AN IMMOVABLE ACCUMULATION OF FECES IN THE BOWELS |
| JAUNDICE | YELLOWING OF THE SKIN & SCLERA OF THE EYE |
| LAVAGE | WASHING OUT OF A CAVITY |
| LOWER GASTROINTESTINAL SERIES | USE OF BARIUM SULFATE AS AN ENEMA TO FACILITATE X-RAY AND FLUOROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF THE COLON |
| OCCULT BLOOD | CHEMICAL TEST OR MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION FOR BLOOD, ESPECIALLY IN FECES, THAT IS NOT APPARENT ON VISUAL INSPECTION |
| PERIPHERAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION | NUTRITION BY PERIPHERAL IV INJECTION |
| PERISTALSIS | PROGRESSIVE, WAVE-LIKE MOVEMENT THAT OCCURS INVOLUNTARILY IN HOLLOW TUBES OF THE BODY SUCH AS THE ALIMENTARY (DIGESTIVE) CANAL; CAUSES CONTENTS OF TUBE TO BE MOVED ONWARD |
| PROCTOSIGMOIDOSCOPY | VISUAL EXAMINATION OF THE RECTUM; SIGMOID COLON BY USE OF A SIGMOIDOSCOPE |
| RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY (ERCP) | AN ENDOSCOPIC PROCEDURE THAT PERMITS THE PHYSICIAN TO VISUALIZE THE LIVE, GALLBLADDER, & PANCREAS USING AN ENDOSCOPE, DYE, & X-RAY EXAM |
| SPIDER ANGIOMA | THIN REDDISH-PURPLE VEIN LINES CLOSE TO THE SKIN SURFACE |
| STEATORRHEA | FAT IN THE STOOLS; MAY BE ASSOC. W/ PANCREATIC DISEASE |
| STRIAE | LINE OR BAND OF ELEVATED OR DEPRESSED TISSUE; MAY DIFFER IN COLOR OR TEXTURE FROM SURROUNDING TISSUE (EX: STRETCH MARKS) |
| UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL SERIES (UPPER GI) | X-RAY & FLUOROSCOPIC EXAMINATIONS OF THE STOMACH & DUODENUM AFTER THE INGESTION OF A CONTRAST MEDIUM |
| ACID BREAKS DOWNS FOOD INTO ____________________ | CHIME |
| ORAL CAVITY CONSISTS OF: | TEETH - MECHANICAL DIGESTION TONGUE SALIVARY GLANDS (parotid, submandibular, sublingual) |
| SALIVA ENZYME = AMYLASE = | DIGESTS STARCH TO MALTOSE |
| STOMACH | -UPPER LEFT QUADRANT -EXTENDS FROM ESOPHAGUS TO DUODENUM -4 REGIONS (cardia, fundus, body, pylorus) -3 LAYERS OF SMOOTH MUSCLE (outer longitudinal, middle circular, inner oblique) -4 LAYERS OF STOMACH WALL (serosa, muscularis, submucosa, mucosa) |
| CARBOHYDRATES ARE MOST READILY DIGESTED | FOLLOWED BY PROTEINS & FATS |
| SMALL INTESTINE | -APPROX. 20 FT. LONG -IN THE PERITONEAL CAVITY -EXTENDS FROM STOMACH TO THE CECUM (colon) -3 PARTS: 1. DUODENUM 2. JEJUNUM 3. ILEUM -DIGESTION COMPLETION |
| LARGE INTESTINE | -MOST WATER IS ABSORBED -EXTENDS FROM ILEUM TO ANUS -TEMPORARILY STORES & THEN ELIMINATES INDIGESTIBLE MATERIAL |
| LIVER | -RIGHT SIDE & CENTER OF UPPER ABD. CAVITY -RIGHT LOBE LARGER THAN LEFT LOB -RECEIVES OXYGENATED BLOOD BY WAY OF HEPATIC ARTERY -ALL BLOOD LEAVES THROUGH HEPATIC VEIN -PRODUCTION OF BILE |
| GALLBLADDER | -APPROX. 4 FT. .ONG -UNDERSURFACE OF THE LIVER -RECEIVES BILE & GALLBLADDER CONCENTRATES -CHOLECYSTOKININ STIMULATES GALLBLADDER CONTRACTION -FORCES BILE INTO CYSTIC DUCT INTO COMMON DUCT INTO DUODENUM |
| PANCREAS | -APPROX. 6 FT. LONG -ENZYME AMYLASE DIGESTS STARCH TO MALTOSE |
| AFRICAN AMERICAN | OBESITY IS A POSITIVE |
| APPALACIANS | DEFICIENT IN VIT. A, IRON, & CALCIUM |
| ARABS | RIGHT HAND EATERS (CLEAN HAND), LEFT HAND FOR TOILETING, DO NOT DRINK WITH MEAL |
| MUSLIM | PROHIBITED TO DRINK ALCOHOL OR EAT PORK |
| ASIAN INDIANS | RICE EATING DEFICIENCIES, EAT CHILIS IODINE DEFICIENCY IN FOOD & WATER |
| BRAZILIANS | LACTOSE INTOLERANCE |
| JEWS | "KOSHER" FIT FOR EATING ACCORDING TO LAW |
| MEXICAN AMERICAN | "GOD'S WILL", HOT & COLD ILLNESSES |
| ABSENT BOWEL SOUNDS | 3-5 MINUTES |
| ALT (ALANINE) | 5 - 35 UNIT/dL INCREASE W/ INJURY TO LIVER/HEPATITIS |
| ALBUMIN (PROTEIN) | 3.1 - 4.3 G/dL DECREASE WITH LIVER DISEASE |
| AMYLASE (MONITORS PANCREAS) | 53 - 123 UNIT/L INCREASE W/ PANCREATITIS OR GALLSTONES |
| AMMONIA (BREAKDOWN PROTEIN) | 12 -55 MOL/L INCREASE W/ LIVER DAMAGE OR HEPATITIS |
| AST (ASPARTATE)(LIVER ENZYME) | 8 -20 UNIT/L RELEASED IN BLOOD WHEN CELLS DIE INCREASE W/ LIVER FAILURE, HEPATITIS, PANCREATITIS |
| BILIRUBIN (LIVER FUNCTION) | 0.1 -1 MG/dL TOTAL SERUM (CONJUGATED + UNCONJUGATED) |
| CALCIUM | 9 -10.5 MG/dL |
| CHOLESTEROL | 150 - 200 MG/dL IN BLOOD STREAM |
| LDH (LACTIC) | 110 -250 IU/L RELEASED W/ INJURY OR DISEASE |
| NUCLEAR SCANNING | INJECTING RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPE; CHOLESCINTIGRAPHY, DISIDA, HIDA, PIPIDA SCANS |
| LIVER SCAN | INJECTING SLIGHTY RADIOACTIVE MEDIUM; SCAN PASSED OVER |
| ESOPHAGOGASTRODUODENOSCOPY (EGD) | ESOPHAGUS |
| NON-INVASIVE | UPPER GI SERIES LOWER GI SERIES |
| INVASIVE | NUCLEAR SCANNING EGD ERCP PROCTOSIGMOIDOSCOPY COLONOSCOPY |
| NG | TEMPORARY/SHORT TERM |
| ESOPHAGOSTOMY GASTROSTOMY JEJUNOSTOMY | LONG TERM |
| NG PLACEMENT | MARKER OR X-RAY |
| ENTERAL NUTRITION | NUTRITION PROVIDED WHEN ORALLY IS NOT |
| GASTROINTESTINAL DECOMPRESSION | WHEN STOMACH/SM. INTESTINE BECOME FILLED W/ AIR/FLUID |
| PARENTERAL NUTRITION (PN) | NUTRITION BY CENTRAL OR PERIPHERAL IV ROUTE TO IMPROVE PTS. NUTRITIONAL STATUS |
| PERIPHERAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION (PNN) | NUTRIENTS VIA IV ROUTE, BUT NO CENTRAL VEIN |
Created by:
Smccunn
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