Anatomy and Physiology II
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| Anatomy | The study of structure
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| Physiology | The study of function
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| Catabolism | Breakdown of complex chemical reactions
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| Anabolism | The building of complex chemical substances from smaller, simpler components
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| Homeostasis | The condition of equilibrium (balance) in the body's internal environment
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| Homeo | Same
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| Stasis | Standing
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| Intracellular fluid (ICF) | Fluid inside body cells
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| Extracellular fluid (ECF) | Fluid outside body cells
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| Symptoms | Subjective changes in body functions that are not apparent to an observer, e.g., headache or nausea
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| Signs | Objective changes that a clinician can observe or measure, e.g., fever or rash
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| Anatomical position | A stanadrdized method of observing or imaging the body that allows precise and consistent anatomical reference
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| Describe the Anatomical Position | The person stands erect, facing the observer, the upper extremities are placed at the sides, the palms of the hands are turned forward, and the feet are flat on the floor
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| Regional Names | Names given to specific regions of the body for reference
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| Buccal | Cheek
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| Digital | Digits (fingers/toes)
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| Scapular | Shoulder blade region
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| Patellar | Anterior (front)surface of the knee
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| Calcaneal | Heel of the foot
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| Cephalic | Head
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| Cranial | Skull surrounding the brain
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| Facial | Face
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| Frontal | Forehead
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| Orbital | Eye
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| Otic | Ear
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| Nasal | Nose
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| Oral | Mouth
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| Mental | Chin
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| Occipital | Back of head
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| Axial | Pertaining to the central part of the body, the head and trunk
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| Cervical | Neck
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| Thoracic | Chest
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| Sternal | Breast bone
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| Pectoral | Chest
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| Mammary | Breast
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| Abdominal | Abdomen
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| Umbilical | Naval
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| Coxal | Hip
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| Pelvic | Pelvis
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| Pubic | Genital area
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| Dorsal | Back
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| Scapular | Shoulder blade region
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| Vertebral | Spinal column
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| Lumbar | Area of the back between the lowest rib and buttocks
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| Appendicular | Pertaining to the extremities or limbs
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| Acromial | Highest point on the shoulder
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| Olecranal | Posterior (back) surface of the elbow
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| Antebrachial | Forearm
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| Carpal | Wrist
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| Manual | Hand
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| Palmar | Palm of the hand
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| Inguinal | Groin where the thigh attaches to the pelvis
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| Gluteal | Buttocks
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| Femoral | Thigh
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| Popliteal | Posterior (back) surface of the knee
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| Crural | Anterior (front) surface of the leg. Also known as the chin.
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| Fibular | Llateral side of the leg
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| Peroneal | Lateral side of the leg
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| Sural | Posterior (back) surface of the leg. Also known as the calf.
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| Tarsal | Ankle
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| Pedal | Foot
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| Plantar | Sole of the foot
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| Directional Terms | Used to precisley locate one part of thr body relative to another
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| Superior | Above
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| Inferior | Below
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| Anterior (Ventral) | Closer to the front of the body
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| Posterior (Dorsal) | Closer to the back of the body
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| Medial | Closer to the midline of the body
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| Lateral | Farther from the midline of the body
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| Intermediate | Between two structures
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| Ipsilateral | On the same side of the body
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| Contralateral | On the opposite side of the body
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| Proximal | Nearer to a point of attachment to a limb to trunk
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| Distal | Farther to a point of attachment to a limb or trunk
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| Superficial | Closer to the surface of the body
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| Deep | Farther from surface body
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| Planes | Imaginary flat surfaces that are used to divide the body
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| Section | Tthe exposed surface produced buy a plane
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| Body Cavities | Spaces within the body that help protect, separate, and support internal organs
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