Biology 30-1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Sensory Receptors | Specialized ends of sensory neurons that detect sensory information and send an electrochemical signal to the brain.
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| Sensation | the "feeling" that results when neural impulses arrive at cerebrel cortex.
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| Perception | Each person's unique interpretation of sensory information
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| Sensory Adaptation | Decrease in responsiveness of a sensory receptor during continued stimulation.
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| Photoreceptors | Light (rods/cones)
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| Chemoreceptors | Taste/Odor
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| Mechanoreceptors | Touch, pressure, pain, hearing, balance.
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| Thermoreceptors | Temperature
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| Sclera | Tough white outer covering of the eyeball; extra-ocular muscles attach to move eye.
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| Cornea | Transparent tissue covering the front of they eye; does not have blood vessels; does not have nerves; is an extension of the sclera.
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| Choroid | Thin tissue darkly pigmented layer containing blood vessels located between the sclera and retina.
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| Iris | Circular band of muscles that controls the size of the pupil.
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| Pupil | "Hole" in the center of the eye where light passes through.
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| Adaptation | The process by which the iris adjusts the size of the pupil based on the light conditions, thereby controlling the amount of light that enters.
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| Retina | Layer of tissue on the back portion of the eye that contains cells responsive to light called photoreceptors.
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| Rods | used for night vision, dominate peripheral vision - found in high concentrations in the periphery of retina
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| Cones | Located throughout retina, concentrated on fovea centralis & macula
-3 different types: red, green and blue.
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| Optic Nerve | Bundle of over one millions axons from gangolian cells that carry visual signals from the eye to the thalamus to the occipital love of the brain.
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| Aqueous Humour | Clear watery fluid found in the front chamber of the eye; maintains pressure and nourishes the cornea and lens.
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| Glaucoma | Chaneels that drain aqueous humor from front of the eye become blacked --> pressure buildup eyeball.
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| Vitreous Humour | Clear jelly-like fluid found in the back portion of the eye; maintains shape of eye and attaches to the retina.
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| Lens | Transparent tissue that bends light passing through the eye; to focus light; this structure must change shape.
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| Accomodation | Focusing the lens by contracting or relaxing ciliary muscles.
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| Cataracts | Clouding of the lens or cornea.
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| Astigmatism | Irregularly shaped lens or cornea results in failure to focus sharply.
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| Myopia | Near-Sighted. Lens is too round or eyeball is too long.
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| Hyperopia | Far-Sighted. Lens is too flat, or eyeball is too short.
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| Fovea Centralis | Central part of the macula that provides the sharpest vision; contains only cones.
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| Colour Blindness | Inability to distinguish between or recognize some colours, typically shades of red and green.
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| Blind Spot | Small area of the retina where the optic never leaves the eye; any image falling here will not be seen because there are no photoreceptors
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| Sounds Waves | Small fluctuation in air pressure resulting from sound, which causes particles around the source to vibrate and move.
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| Outer Ear | External Ear & Auditory Canal
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| Pinna | The outside flap of the ear; made of skin and cartilage and shaped in a way that enhances sound vibrations and focuses them into the ear.
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| Auditory Canal | Carries sound eaves to ear drum
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| Middle Ear | Eustachain Tube, Tympanic Membrane & Ossicles
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| Tympanum | Sound eaves in auditory canal cause vibrations
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| Ossicles | 3 Tiny bones (hammer/malleus, anvil/incus, stirrup/stapes) linking eardrum and inner ear
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| Oval Window | Receives sound vibrations from ossicles then transmits into cochlea.
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| Eustachian Tube | Chamber to throat to equalize air pressure in middle ear.
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| Inner Ear | has two functions: hearing(cochlea) and perfection of head movement/balance(vestibule)
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| Cochlea | Perceives both pitch and loudness.
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| Organ of Corti | Primary sound receptor with two membranes
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| Basilar Membrane | Contains mechanoreceptor hairs, vibrates when sound waves pass cochlear fluid
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| Hair Cells | Sensory mechanoreceptor attached to the basilar membrane in the organ of Corti within the inner ear.
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| Tectorial Membrane | Receptor hairs bend against this membrane when basilar membrane vibrates.
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| Semicircular Canals | Sensation of rotational movement; mechanoreceptor hairs are bent when fluid in the semicircular canals is moved by motion of the head and body.
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| Rotational Equilibrium | Balance required while rotating the head and body.
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| Gravitational Equilibrium | Balance required while moving the head forward and backward.
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| Utricle & Saccule | Sensation of head position & the pull of gravity; mechanoreceptor hairs are bent by the force of gravity when the head tilts.
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| Otoliths | Calcium carbonate granule associated with sensory receptors for detecting movement of the head.
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| Proprioceptors | Type of mechanoreceptor found in muscles, tendons, and joints.
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| Taste Buds | Sensory receptor in the bumps on the tongue.
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| Olfactory Cells | Chemoreceptor for the sense of smell.
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| Olfactory Bulb | Region of forebrain where ends of sensory nerve fibers from nose terminate and transmit olfactory information to other areas of the brain.
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