Cell Bio Cell Parts
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| plasma membrane | - controls how molecules move in and out of cell
- helps with cell-cell signaling and cell adhesion
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| nucleus | - filled w/ chromatin
- chromatin is made of DNA and proteins
- location of mRNA and tRNA synthesis
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| nuclear envelope | -double membrane
- encloses nucleus contents
- outer nuclear membrane is continuous with rER
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| nuclear pore | allows specific large molecules to move between nucleus and cytoplasm
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| nucleolus | - substructure of nucleus
- most rRNA is made here
- ribosomes are assembled here
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| mitochondria | - powerhouse
- generate ATP by oxidizing glucose and fatty acids
- have their own DNA
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| lysosomes | - have acidic lumen
- degrade materials internalized by cell
- breaks down small and large molecules in cell
- release nutrients from digested food
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| peroxisomes | - remove toxic molecules
- break down fatty acids to make acetyl groups for biosynthesis
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| ribosomes | - molecular machines
- made of rRNAs and ribosomal proteins
- translate mRNAs into proteins
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| endoplasmic reticulum, ER | - located in cytoplasm
- membrane-bound
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| rER | - ribosomes bound to it
- makes and sorts secretory, lysosomal, and some membrane-bound proteins
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| sER | - no ribosomes attached
- synthesizes lipids
- detoxifies some hydrophobic compounds
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| golgi apparatus | - processes and modifies proteins made by rER
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| vesicles | - small, membrane-bound sacs
- located in eukaryotic cytoplasm
- specific ones are involved in secretion, exocytosis, endocytosis, and phagocytosis
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| microtubule | - type of cytoskeleton
- made of tubulin
- helps organize cytoplasm
- guides intracellular transport
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| centrosome | - organizes microtubules
- near nucleus in animal cells
- forms the 2 poles of spindle in early mitosis
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| centrioles | - cylindrical microtubules in centrosome of animal cells
- also found in base of cilia and flagella (basal bodies)
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| actin filaments | - type of cytoskeleton
- major constituent of euk cells
- helps w/ cell movement and muscle contraction
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| intermediate filaments | - issa cytoskeleton type
- form ropelike networks in animal cells
- help resist outside tension ergo strengthens cell
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| extracellular matrix | - complex networks of polysaccharides and proteins secreted by cells
- structural component of tissues
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| chloroplasts | - carries out photosynthesis by capturing sunlight
- surrounded by double membrane
- has internal membrane-bound sacs (thylakoids)
- thylakoid contains chlorophyll
-chlorophyll absorbs the light energy
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| vacuole | - stores water, ions, nutrients
- degrades macromolecules
- helps w/ cell elongation during growth
- 2 types: storage and lytic
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| cell wall | - mostly made of cellulose
- maintains cell's shape
- protects cells against mechanical stress
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Created by:
makanjuolae
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