Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Cell Bio Cell Parts
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| plasma membrane | - controls how molecules move in and out of cell - helps with cell-cell signaling and cell adhesion |
| nucleus | - filled w/ chromatin - chromatin is made of DNA and proteins - location of mRNA and tRNA synthesis |
| nuclear envelope | -double membrane - encloses nucleus contents - outer nuclear membrane is continuous with rER |
| nuclear pore | allows specific large molecules to move between nucleus and cytoplasm |
| nucleolus | - substructure of nucleus - most rRNA is made here - ribosomes are assembled here |
| mitochondria | - powerhouse - generate ATP by oxidizing glucose and fatty acids - have their own DNA |
| lysosomes | - have acidic lumen - degrade materials internalized by cell - breaks down small and large molecules in cell - release nutrients from digested food |
| peroxisomes | - remove toxic molecules - break down fatty acids to make acetyl groups for biosynthesis |
| ribosomes | - molecular machines - made of rRNAs and ribosomal proteins - translate mRNAs into proteins |
| endoplasmic reticulum, ER | - located in cytoplasm - membrane-bound |
| rER | - ribosomes bound to it - makes and sorts secretory, lysosomal, and some membrane-bound proteins |
| sER | - no ribosomes attached - synthesizes lipids - detoxifies some hydrophobic compounds |
| golgi apparatus | - processes and modifies proteins made by rER |
| vesicles | - small, membrane-bound sacs - located in eukaryotic cytoplasm - specific ones are involved in secretion, exocytosis, endocytosis, and phagocytosis |
| microtubule | - type of cytoskeleton - made of tubulin - helps organize cytoplasm - guides intracellular transport |
| centrosome | - organizes microtubules - near nucleus in animal cells - forms the 2 poles of spindle in early mitosis |
| centrioles | - cylindrical microtubules in centrosome of animal cells - also found in base of cilia and flagella (basal bodies) |
| actin filaments | - type of cytoskeleton - major constituent of euk cells - helps w/ cell movement and muscle contraction |
| intermediate filaments | - issa cytoskeleton type - form ropelike networks in animal cells - help resist outside tension ergo strengthens cell |
| extracellular matrix | - complex networks of polysaccharides and proteins secreted by cells - structural component of tissues |
| chloroplasts | - carries out photosynthesis by capturing sunlight - surrounded by double membrane - has internal membrane-bound sacs (thylakoids) - thylakoid contains chlorophyll -chlorophyll absorbs the light energy |
| vacuole | - stores water, ions, nutrients - degrades macromolecules - helps w/ cell elongation during growth - 2 types: storage and lytic |
| cell wall | - mostly made of cellulose - maintains cell's shape - protects cells against mechanical stress |
Created by:
makanjuolae