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Cell Bio Cell Parts
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| plasma membrane | - controls how molecules move in and out of cell - helps with cell-cell signaling and cell adhesion |
| nucleus | - filled w/ chromatin - chromatin is made of DNA and proteins - location of mRNA and tRNA synthesis |
| nuclear envelope | -double membrane - encloses nucleus contents - outer nuclear membrane is continuous with rER |
| nuclear pore | allows specific large molecules to move between nucleus and cytoplasm |
| nucleolus | - substructure of nucleus - most rRNA is made here - ribosomes are assembled here |
| mitochondria | - powerhouse - generate ATP by oxidizing glucose and fatty acids - have their own DNA |
| lysosomes | - have acidic lumen - degrade materials internalized by cell - breaks down small and large molecules in cell - release nutrients from digested food |
| peroxisomes | - remove toxic molecules - break down fatty acids to make acetyl groups for biosynthesis |
| ribosomes | - molecular machines - made of rRNAs and ribosomal proteins - translate mRNAs into proteins |
| endoplasmic reticulum, ER | - located in cytoplasm - membrane-bound |
| rER | - ribosomes bound to it - makes and sorts secretory, lysosomal, and some membrane-bound proteins |
| sER | - no ribosomes attached - synthesizes lipids - detoxifies some hydrophobic compounds |
| golgi apparatus | - processes and modifies proteins made by rER |
| vesicles | - small, membrane-bound sacs - located in eukaryotic cytoplasm - specific ones are involved in secretion, exocytosis, endocytosis, and phagocytosis |
| microtubule | - type of cytoskeleton - made of tubulin - helps organize cytoplasm - guides intracellular transport |
| centrosome | - organizes microtubules - near nucleus in animal cells - forms the 2 poles of spindle in early mitosis |
| centrioles | - cylindrical microtubules in centrosome of animal cells - also found in base of cilia and flagella (basal bodies) |
| actin filaments | - type of cytoskeleton - major constituent of euk cells - helps w/ cell movement and muscle contraction |
| intermediate filaments | - issa cytoskeleton type - form ropelike networks in animal cells - help resist outside tension ergo strengthens cell |
| extracellular matrix | - complex networks of polysaccharides and proteins secreted by cells - structural component of tissues |
| chloroplasts | - carries out photosynthesis by capturing sunlight - surrounded by double membrane - has internal membrane-bound sacs (thylakoids) - thylakoid contains chlorophyll -chlorophyll absorbs the light energy |
| vacuole | - stores water, ions, nutrients - degrades macromolecules - helps w/ cell elongation during growth - 2 types: storage and lytic |
| cell wall | - mostly made of cellulose - maintains cell's shape - protects cells against mechanical stress |
Created by:
makanjuolae