68WM6 Cardiovascular System
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| Aorta | the major systemic artery that recieves blood from the left ventricle.
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| Arteriole | a small branch of an artery that communicates with a capillary network.
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| Artery | thick-walled elastic vessels that carry blood AWAY from heart.
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| Atrium | the chamber of the heart that recieves blood.
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| Capillary | small blood vessels that connect an arteriole and a venule.
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| Cardiac Cycle | a series of cardiac contractions and relaxations that constitute a complete heartbeat.
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| Cardiac Output | volume of blood per minute pumped by the heart.
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| Diastole | phase of a cardiac cycle when a heart chamber wall relaxes.
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| Electrical Event | the electrical conduction of the heart as visualized on an EKG.
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| Endocardium | the inner lining of the heart chambers.
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| Epicardium | the visceral portion of the pericardium on the surface of the heart.
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| Ischemia | the deficiency of blood to a body part.
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| Mechanical Event | the muscular contraction of the heart that sends blood out of the heart.
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| Mitral Valve | the heart valve between the left atrium and left ventricle; also known as the Bicuspid Valve.
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| Myocardium | muscle tissue of the heart
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| Myocardial Infarction | irreversible heart damage secondary to prolonged ischemia.
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| Pacemaker | mass of specialized muscle tissue that controls the rythym of the heart.
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| What are the two major structures of the pace maker? | Sinoatrial Node (SA) and the Atriaventricular Node (AV)
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| Stroke Volume | amount of blood that each ventricle discharges in a heartbeat.
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| Systole | phase of cardiac cycle when a heart chamber wall contracts.
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| Systemic Circulation | movement of blood from the left ventricle throughout the body and back to the right atrium.
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| Vasoconstriction | a decrease in the diameter of a blood vessel
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| Vein | a vessel that carries blood TOWARD the heart.
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| The heart is a hollow and cone shaped muscular___. | pump
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| The average adult heart is what size? | 14cm long and 9 cm wide
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| The heart is located in the ___. | mediastinum
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| The base is the___portion of the heart. | proximal
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| The base attaches the ____and lies beneath the 2nd rib. | great vessels
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| The Apex of the heart... | bluntly pointing leftward, lies on the diaphragm muscle, and is located at the 5th ICS.
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| Pericardium | a serous membrane that surrounds the heart.
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| The wall of the heart is composed of... | Three layers of muscle.
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| The layers of muscle in the wall of the heart are: | Epicardium, Myocardium, and Endocardium.
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| The EPICARDIUM is the outer layer of the heart that reduces_____from the surrounding organs. | Friction
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| Myocardium | cardiac muscle tissue that makes up the bulk of the heart.
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| Endocardium | lines all heart chambers and covers the heart valves.
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| Deoxygenated Blood returns to the heart via the | superior and inferior vena cava.
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| Oxygenated blood returns from the lungs and enters the left atrium via the______. | Pulmonary Veins
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| Bradycardia | Steady contractions below 60 BPM
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| Ventricular Fibrilation | a complete lack of organized electric impulses.
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| What happens when ventricular fibrilation occurs? | BP falls to zero, unconsciousness, and DEATH! within 4 minutes. (BAD news for the home team :( )
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| Blood Vessels in the heart have how many layers? | THREE
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| Tunica Intima | One of the three layers of a cardiac blood vessel AKA endothelium.
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| Tunica Media | Smooth Muscle Layer, Thicker in Arteries, and Thinner in Veins.
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| Tunica Externa | Thickest layer of the vein.
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| Arteries | Thick-wall elastic vessels that carry blood AWAY from the heart.
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| Arterioles | Smallest arteries
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| Caplillaries | Smallest vessels
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| Venules | Small thin-walled vessels
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| Veins | Carry blood TOWARD the heart
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| Aorta is the LARGEST Artery with three segments: | 1.Aortic Arch2.Ascending Aorta3.Descending Aorta
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| Portal Circulation | Carries blood drained from the stomach, intestines, and spleen to the liver.
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| What is Angina Pectoris? | Chest pain caused by inadequate O2 to heart
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| The two layers of the Pericardium include the Visceral Pericardum (Epicardium) AND ____. | Parietal Pericardium
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| 4 Factors that influence BLOOD PRESSURE | 1. Blood Volume 2.Strenth of ventricular contractions 3.Blood Viscosity 4.Resistance to Blood Flow
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| How is fetal circulation different from adult circulation? | Circulation before birth is different because the fetus must secure O2 and food from Mothers blood stream.
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| Fetal Circulation has the following organs that adults do not have: | 1. Placenta 2. Umbillical Arteries & Vein 3. Ductus Venosus 4. Foramen Ovale 5. Ductus Arteriosus
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| What is hepatic portal circulation? | The route of blood flow through the liver.
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| True or False: The Aorta is the largest Artery in the human body. | TRUE!!
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| What are the 3 segments of the Aorta? | 1. Aortic Arch 2. Ascending Aorta 3. Descending Aorta
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| Veins have high OR low pressure? | LOW (it is returning to the heart and low in O2)
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| Arteries have high OR low pressure? | HIGH (leaving the heart with high O2)
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| DE-Oxygenated blood returns to the heart VIA the____. | Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
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| Oxygenated blood leaves the heart via the ___. | Aorta
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| Arteries and Veins have 3 layers they are: | 1. Tunica Intima (INSIDE) 2. Tunica Media (MIDDLE) 3. Tunica Externa (OUTSIDE)
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