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68WM6 Cardiovascular
68WM6 Cardiovascular System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Aorta | the major systemic artery that recieves blood from the left ventricle. |
| Arteriole | a small branch of an artery that communicates with a capillary network. |
| Artery | thick-walled elastic vessels that carry blood AWAY from heart. |
| Atrium | the chamber of the heart that recieves blood. |
| Capillary | small blood vessels that connect an arteriole and a venule. |
| Cardiac Cycle | a series of cardiac contractions and relaxations that constitute a complete heartbeat. |
| Cardiac Output | volume of blood per minute pumped by the heart. |
| Diastole | phase of a cardiac cycle when a heart chamber wall relaxes. |
| Electrical Event | the electrical conduction of the heart as visualized on an EKG. |
| Endocardium | the inner lining of the heart chambers. |
| Epicardium | the visceral portion of the pericardium on the surface of the heart. |
| Ischemia | the deficiency of blood to a body part. |
| Mechanical Event | the muscular contraction of the heart that sends blood out of the heart. |
| Mitral Valve | the heart valve between the left atrium and left ventricle; also known as the Bicuspid Valve. |
| Myocardium | muscle tissue of the heart |
| Myocardial Infarction | irreversible heart damage secondary to prolonged ischemia. |
| Pacemaker | mass of specialized muscle tissue that controls the rythym of the heart. |
| What are the two major structures of the pace maker? | Sinoatrial Node (SA) and the Atriaventricular Node (AV) |
| Stroke Volume | amount of blood that each ventricle discharges in a heartbeat. |
| Systole | phase of cardiac cycle when a heart chamber wall contracts. |
| Systemic Circulation | movement of blood from the left ventricle throughout the body and back to the right atrium. |
| Vasoconstriction | a decrease in the diameter of a blood vessel |
| Vein | a vessel that carries blood TOWARD the heart. |
| The heart is a hollow and cone shaped muscular___. | pump |
| The average adult heart is what size? | 14cm long and 9 cm wide |
| The heart is located in the ___. | mediastinum |
| The base is the___portion of the heart. | proximal |
| The base attaches the ____and lies beneath the 2nd rib. | great vessels |
| The Apex of the heart... | bluntly pointing leftward, lies on the diaphragm muscle, and is located at the 5th ICS. |
| Pericardium | a serous membrane that surrounds the heart. |
| The wall of the heart is composed of... | Three layers of muscle. |
| The layers of muscle in the wall of the heart are: | Epicardium, Myocardium, and Endocardium. |
| The EPICARDIUM is the outer layer of the heart that reduces_____from the surrounding organs. | Friction |
| Myocardium | cardiac muscle tissue that makes up the bulk of the heart. |
| Endocardium | lines all heart chambers and covers the heart valves. |
| Deoxygenated Blood returns to the heart via the | superior and inferior vena cava. |
| Oxygenated blood returns from the lungs and enters the left atrium via the______. | Pulmonary Veins |
| Bradycardia | Steady contractions below 60 BPM |
| Ventricular Fibrilation | a complete lack of organized electric impulses. |
| What happens when ventricular fibrilation occurs? | BP falls to zero, unconsciousness, and DEATH! within 4 minutes. (BAD news for the home team :( ) |
| Blood Vessels in the heart have how many layers? | THREE |
| Tunica Intima | One of the three layers of a cardiac blood vessel AKA endothelium. |
| Tunica Media | Smooth Muscle Layer, Thicker in Arteries, and Thinner in Veins. |
| Tunica Externa | Thickest layer of the vein. |
| Arteries | Thick-wall elastic vessels that carry blood AWAY from the heart. |
| Arterioles | Smallest arteries |
| Caplillaries | Smallest vessels |
| Venules | Small thin-walled vessels |
| Veins | Carry blood TOWARD the heart |
| Aorta is the LARGEST Artery with three segments: | 1.Aortic Arch2.Ascending Aorta3.Descending Aorta |
| Portal Circulation | Carries blood drained from the stomach, intestines, and spleen to the liver. |
| What is Angina Pectoris? | Chest pain caused by inadequate O2 to heart |
| The two layers of the Pericardium include the Visceral Pericardum (Epicardium) AND ____. | Parietal Pericardium |
| 4 Factors that influence BLOOD PRESSURE | 1. Blood Volume 2.Strenth of ventricular contractions 3.Blood Viscosity 4.Resistance to Blood Flow |
| How is fetal circulation different from adult circulation? | Circulation before birth is different because the fetus must secure O2 and food from Mothers blood stream. |
| Fetal Circulation has the following organs that adults do not have: | 1. Placenta 2. Umbillical Arteries & Vein 3. Ductus Venosus 4. Foramen Ovale 5. Ductus Arteriosus |
| What is hepatic portal circulation? | The route of blood flow through the liver. |
| True or False: The Aorta is the largest Artery in the human body. | TRUE!! |
| What are the 3 segments of the Aorta? | 1. Aortic Arch 2. Ascending Aorta 3. Descending Aorta |
| Veins have high OR low pressure? | LOW (it is returning to the heart and low in O2) |
| Arteries have high OR low pressure? | HIGH (leaving the heart with high O2) |
| DE-Oxygenated blood returns to the heart VIA the____. | Superior and Inferior Vena Cava |
| Oxygenated blood leaves the heart via the ___. | Aorta |
| Arteries and Veins have 3 layers they are: | 1. Tunica Intima (INSIDE) 2. Tunica Media (MIDDLE) 3. Tunica Externa (OUTSIDE) |
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