68WM6 Blood 09-10
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| ABO Blood Groups | A system of grouping blood based on the presence or absence of two antigens.
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| Albumin | Small plasma protiens synthesized in the liver that are the primary components of osmotic pressure in the bloodstream .
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| Anemia | A condition that results from too few erthyrocytes or hemoglobin.
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| Antibodies | soluble, globular proteins that directly attack antigens, activate complement, or stimulate changes that prevent the spread of pathogens.
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| Antigens | A chemical compound attached to a cell surface which, if not recognized by the lymphatic system, elicits an immune response.
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| Coagulation | an effective hemostatic mechanism that causes blood clots throught the use of clotting factors.
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| Colloid Osmotic Pressure | the pressure resulting from water moving toward an area of a higher concentration of a solute.
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| Embolus | a dislodged blood clot that is moving through the blood vessels.
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| Erythrocytes | biconcave disks, also known as red blood cells, used to transport gases.
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| Erythropoietin | a hormone that is secreted by the kidney an dliver to control rate of erythrocyte production.
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| Fibrin | insoluble threads of protein that form a meshwork at sites of injury that entrap blood cells and platelets forming blood clots.
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| Fibrinogen | a large protein synthesized in the liver that functions in blood coagulation.
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| Globulin | three types of proteins sythesized in the lover and lymphatic tissue and are important in the transport of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins and immunity.
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| Hematocrit | the percantage of formed elements in a volume of whole blood. (erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets)
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| Hemoglobin | oxygen carrying portion of the erythrocyte.
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| Hemostasis | the processes responsible for stopping blood loss when a blood vessel is damaged.
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| Leukocytes | Five types of cells, also known as white blood cells, that protect against disease.
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| Five Types of Leukocytes | 1. Neutrophils2. Eosinophils3. Basophils4. Monocytes5. Lymphocytes
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| Lipoprotein | proteins that combine with lipids to allow transport of lipids through the bloodstream.
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| Rh Blood Group | a system of grouping blood based on the presence of the Rh antigen.
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| Thromobocytes | cell fragments, as known as platelets, that close breaks in damaged blood vessels and initiate the formation of blood clots.
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| Plasma | clear straw-colored loquid portion of whole blood which contains a complex mixture of chemicals.
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| Thrombopoietin | a hormone responsible for the initiation of the formation of thrombocytes.
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| Thrombus | a blood clot that abnormally forms in a blood vessel.
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| Whole Blood | the combination of all fluid and components in the blood.
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| Function of Blood | Transports biochemicals throughout the body.
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| Products absorbed into the digestion tract | amino acids, simple sugars, lipid, vitamins, and iron.
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| Blood distributes _____. | heat
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| How does blood distribute heat? | Warm blood from body core moves to surface where it is cooled and exchanged in the body core.
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| Blood helps maintain hydrostatic pressure how? | The pressure in the capillaries resulting from the action of the heart.
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| Blood protects against disease by | transporting a wide variety of cells that fight infection and prevent disease.
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| Blood plugs damaged vessels by | providing biochemicals and cells that form necessary clots to prevent blood loss when blood vessels are damaged.
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| Erythrocytes | biconcave disks, also known as red blood cells, used to transport gases.
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| Why are red blood cells shaped as biconcave disks? | the shape increases the surface area allowing more gases to be carried.
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| Hemoglobin | the oxygen carrying portion of the erythrocite. Approximately 1/3 of the erythrocyte volume. Bright-red when bound with oxygen.
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| Cell life span is... | Approximately 120 days.
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| Macrophages destroy damages cells primarily in the_______. | Liver
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| Vitamins necessary for erythrocyte development | Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid
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| Iron is a major component of____. | Hemoglobin
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| Anemia | A condition that results from too few erythrocytes or hemoglobin.
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| What is a characteristic of anemia? | Pale appearance and lack of energy.
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| Bilirubin | Orange pigment resulting from the breakdown of hemoglobin.
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| Jaundice | An excess of bilirubin in the bloodstream.
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| Leukocytes | Five types of cells, also known as white blood cells. Protect against disease, phagocytize bacterial cells.
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| Leukocytes produce | proteins (antibodies) that destroy or disable foreign particles.
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| Granulocytes | Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils.
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| Agranulocytes | Monocytes, Lymphocytes
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| Leukocytes | Cell Count
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| Leukocytosis | An increase in the normal level present in the blood (>10,000 per mm3). May indicate an acute infection.
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| Leukopenia | A decrease in the normal level present in the blood(<5000 per mm3)
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| Leukopenia is usually the result of_____. | A disease process...malfunction of blood forming tissues, disease affecting immune system (AIDS)
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| DIFF | Differential white blood cell count
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| DIFF is a test that lists____. | Percentages of the types of leukocytes in a blood sample.
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| Neutrophils usually increase in______infections. | Bacterial
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| Eosinophils may increase during______infections. | Parasitic
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| Platelets | Incomplete cells and portions of cells also known as thrombocytes.
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| Platelets clump together at the site of the_____. | Hemorrhage
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| Blood vessel damage causes platelets to become____and form a _____. | become sticky and form a "platelet plug"
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| Platelets ultimately become a part of_____. | the clot itself.
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| Plasma proteins | Most abundant of the dissolved substance in blood.
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| Plasma proteins remain in the blood and______fluids. | interstitial fluids
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| Albumins | Smallest protein, accounts for 60% of proteins by wieght, importance factors in the process of osmotic pressure in the bloodstream.
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| Colloid Osmotic Pressure protiens are unable to _________. | Proteins unable to cross the vessel wall.
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| Colloid Osmotic Pressure creates osmotic pressure on the side with________. | protiens
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| Water crosses towards the area of ______ osmotic pressure. | highest
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| Globulins: Alpha and Beta are synthesized in the_______. | Liver
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| Globulins: Alpha and Beta transport______and_____. | Lipids and fat-soluble vitamins.
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| Gamma Plasma Proteins are produced in the_____ ______. | Lymphatic Tissues
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| Gamma Plasma Proteins are a type of_____. | Antibody
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| Fibrinogens function in_______. | Blood Coagulation.
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| Fibrogens are synthesized in the______. | Liver
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| Fibrinogens are the_____of the proteins. | Largest
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| Blood Gases have two functional components they are.... | Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
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| A nonfunctional component of blood gas is | Nitrogen
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| Plasma Nutrients: | Simple sugars and Nucleotides
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| Simple Sugars are the basic resource for____. | Cellular Energy
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| Simple sugars are stored as___or___. | Glycogen or Fat
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| Nucleotides are the building blocks of____. | Nucleic Acid
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| Three different types of lipids are: | Fats, Phopholipids, and Cholesterol.
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| Plasma nutrients form_____when combined with proteins(water soluble) | Lipoprotiens
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| What is a VLDL? | Very low-density lipoproteins
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| LDL means.... | Low Density Lipoproteins
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| HDL is..... | High-Density Lipoproteins
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| Plasma Nutrient Nitrogen Compounds are: | Amino Acid, Urea, and Uric Acid.
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| Amino Acid is transported to the liver and used to________. | manufacture proteins.
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| Urea is produced from the breakdown of_____. | proteins.
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| Urea is excreted in the______. | Urine
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| Uric Acid is produced from the breakdown of ______. | Nucleic Acid.
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| Hemostasis | the stopping of bleeding in a damaged blood vessel.
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| Vasospasm | Contraction of smooth muscle in the vessel wall.
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| Platelet Plug Formation | Platelets adhere to rough surfaces and collagen.
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| Platelet Plug Formation is effective in_____injuries to blood vessels. | small
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| Coagulation is a.... | Blood Clot!
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| A blood clot is defined as... | an injury to a blood vessel initiates an increase in clotting factors that promote coagulation.
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| When blood clots, prothrombin is converted into______. | Thrombin
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| Thrombin breaks______into____. | Thrombin breaks fibrinogen into fibrin strands.
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| Fibrin strands join forming a ______structure which sticks to exposed injured tissue. | mesh-like (kind of like your brother's favorite shirt heeeyyy!)
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| Red blood cells and platelets are caught in this mesh-like structure forming a_____. | Blood Clot
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| Thrombus | a blood clot abnormally formed in a blood vessel.
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| Embolus is a fragment of a____. | Thrombus
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| An embolus will continue to move until it becomes lodged in a narrow portion of the lood vessel causing a blockage of____. | Blood Flow
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| An embolus in the heart causes a ____. | Acute Myocardial Infarction
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| An embolus in the lungs causes a ____. | Pulmonary Embolism
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| An Embolus in the brain causes a _____. | Cerebral Vascular Accident
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| Antigens | A substance that can stimulate the body to make antibodies.
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| Antibodies | A substance made by the body in response to stimulation by an antigen. (Proteins that attack non-self antigens.)
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| ABO Blood Group | the presence (or absence)of two major protein antigens (A and or B or neither) on red blood cell membranes.
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| Pulmonary Circulation | the portion of the cardiovascular system which transports oxygen-depleted blood away from the heart, to the lungs, and returns oxygenated blood back to the heart.
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| Systemic Circulation | the portion of the cardiovascular system which transports oxygenated blood away from the heart, to the rest of the body, and returns oxygen-depleted blood back to the heart.
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| distance-wise, this type of circluation is much longer than pulmonary circulation, transporting blood to every part of the body except the lungs. | Systemic Circulation
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| The coronary circulatory system | provides a blood supply to the heart
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| There are four chambers in the heart they are: | left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium and right ventricle.
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| As blood begins to circulate, it leaves the heart from the left ventricle and goes into the ____. | Aorta
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| The aorta is the largest___in the body. | artery
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| The blood leaving the aorta is full of____. | oxygen.
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| On its way back to the heart, the blood travels through a system of____ . | veins
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| The heart's right side receives dark bluish blood from the_____and____vena cava. | superior and inferior vena cava.
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| The superior vena cava is the large vein that brings blood back from the _____ part of the body. | upper
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| The inferior vena cava is the vein that brings blood from the_____body | lower
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| The bright red oxygenated blood returns to the heart's_____side. | left
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| Then the oxygenated blood is pumped out into a large artery called the_____to be distributed by smaller arteries to all parts of the body | aorta
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| The four heart valves are: | 1.Tricuspid valve2.Pulmonary (pulmonic) valve3.Mitral valve4.Aortic valve
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| During each heartbeat, typically about_____of blood are pumped out of the heart. | 60 to 90 ml (about 2 to 3 oz)
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| Blood consists of three types of cells: | 1.oxygen-bearing red blood cells2. disease-fighting white blood cells3. blood-clotting platelets
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| Arteries have_____walls than veins to withstand the pressure of blood being pumped from the heart | thicker
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| Septum | – the muscular wall separating the chambers of the heart
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| Vena Cava | the largest vein
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| The contraction of the heart is called | systole
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| The relaxation of the heart is called | diastole
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| Granulocytes | are a category of white blood cells characterised by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm.
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| Granulocytes or PMN are released from the | bone marrow by the regulatory complement proteins
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| the most abundant type of phagocyte | Neutrophils
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| How long do neutrophils live? | they live approximately five days
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| Eosinophils play a crucial part in the killing of | parasites
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| Basophils are | one of the least abundant cells in bone marrow and blood (occurring at less than two percent of all cells).
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| Agranulocytes are | a category of white blood cells characterised by the absence of granules in their cytoplasm.
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| There are two types of agranulocytes | Lymphocytes & Monocytes
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| The blood has three types of lymphocytes: | B cells, T cells and natural killer cells
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| Monocytes | they present pieces of pathogens to T cells so that the pathogens may be recognized again and killed
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| Vitamin K will increase synthesis of... | prothrombin (helps blood clot)
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| Define Myocardium... | Heart muscle
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| Arteries and Veins have __ layers of tissue | 3
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| True or False: You LOVE TRADOC | YARRRR!!!! Health and Welfare YARRRR!!!
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| Blood Pressure is the highest when______the heart. | Exiting
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| Blood Pressure is lowest when ______ the heart. | Returning To
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| The Erythrocyte is responsible for transporting___and___. | Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
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| Neutrophil is the ____defense. | Immune
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| Eosinophil defends the body against____. | Parasytic Defense
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