Intro.to Mendel laws and Meiosis
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| Gregor Mendel (III) | A monk in the 1850’s that studied how plants inherit traits
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| crossing over | occurs when genetic material is exchanged between nonsister homologous chromatids
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| diploid | cell with two copies of every chromosome
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| haploid | In the case of a single-celled eukaryotic organism, having a single complete set of chromosomes. In the case of a multicellular eukaryotic organism, having a single complete set of chromosome in each somatic cell
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| gametes | eggs and sperm for sexual reproduction
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| gene | represents the genetic material on a chromosome that contains the instructions for creating a particular trait
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| allele | is one of several varieties of a gene
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| trait | is a distinguishing personal characteristic or quality.
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| locus | refers to the location on a chromosome where a gene is located
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| Meiosis | formation of gametes; a human has 46 chromosomes 23 chromosomes from mom and 23 chromosomes from father (sperm has 23 and egg has 23)
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| law of segregation | refers to the random segregation of alleles (and their chromosomes) to separate gametes
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| law of independent assortment | homologous chromosomes, and the genes they carry, segregate independently of the segregation of other chromosome pairs.
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| multiple alleles | three or more alleles for a particular gene
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| pedigree | a chart that shows the presence or absence of a trait according to the relationships within a family across several generations
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| genetic variability | the process in which homologous chromosomes will exchange genetic material with one another
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| linked genes | genes that reside on the same chromosome and thus cannot segregate independently because they are physically connected.
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| nondisjunction | occurs when the chromosomes do not properly separate
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Created by:
delisa.knighton
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