Terms 6.3-6.6
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| trait | characteristic that is inherited
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| genetics | study of the hereditary patterns and variation of organisms
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| purebred | type of organism whose ancestors are genetically uniform
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| cross | mating of two organisms
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| law of segregation | Mendel's first law, stating that:
1. organisms inherit two copies of genes, one from each parent
2. organisms donate only one copy of each gene in their gametes because the genes separate in gamete formation
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| gene | specific region of DNA that codes for a particular protein
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| allele | any of the alternative forms of a gene that occurs at a specific place on a chromosome
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| homozygous | characteristic of having two of the same alleles at the same locus of sister chromatids
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| heterozygous | characteristic of having two different alleles that appear at the same locus of sister chromatids
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| genome | all of an organism's genetic material
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| genotype | collection of all an organism's genetic information that codes for traits
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| phenotype | collection of all an organism's physical characteristics
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| dominant | allele that is expressed when two different alleles are present in an organism's genotype
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| recessive | allele that is not expressed unless two copies are present in an organism's genotype
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| Punnett square | model for predicting all possible genotypes resulting from a cross, or mating
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| monohybrid cross | cross, or mating, between organisms involving only one pair of contrasting traits
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| testcross | cross between an organism with an unknown genotype and an organism with a recessive phenotype
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| dihybrid cross | cross, or mating, between organisms involving two pairs of contrasting traits
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| law of independent assortment | Mendel's second law, stating that allele pairs separate from each other during gamete formation
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| probability | likelihood that a particular event will happen
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| crossing over | exchange of chromosome segments between homologous chromosomes during meiosis 1
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| genetic linkage | tendency for genes located close together on the same chromosome to be inherited together
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