Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What is the purpose of science? | To study the natural world and explain the nature of things (Ex. how things work)
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| What is a scientific theory? | A theory is an explanation of a natural phenomenon that has been supported by many observations and experiments over time.
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| What would happen if new evidence contradicted a theory? | The theory would have to be revised to fit the new evidence.
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| What is the difference between quantitative and qualitative data? | Quantitative deals with numbers or quantities
Qualitative deals with descriptions of observations by our senses (Ex. what does it look like?)
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| What is an inference? | Combining what you know with what you have learned to draw a logical conclusion
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| What are controls? | Controls are used for comparison and are not exposed to the experimental factor
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| What are independent variables? | Independent variables are the tested factor, or what the scientist is manipulating in his/her experiment
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| What are dependent variables? | Dependent variables are the data, or the results that depend on the changes to the independent variable
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| What are the eight characteristics of life? | ⢠Made of one or more cells
⢠Displays organization
⢠Grows and develops
⢠Reproduces
⢠Responds to stimuli
⢠Requires energy
⢠Maintains homeostasis
⢠Adaptations evolve over time
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| What is the difference between biotic and abiotic factors? | Biotic (living)
Abiotic (nonliving)
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| What is a food chain? | Food chains show a simplified single path for energy flow through an ecosystem
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| What is a food web? | Food webs show many interconnected food chains and pathways for energy flow throughout the ecosystem
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| What do food chains and food webs show? | They show predator/prey and parasitic relationships
*Remember the arrow points in the direction of energy flow (towards who is doing the eating)
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| What happens if 2 species have overlapping niches? | Competition - usually with one species being the winner (lives) and the other being the loser (dies)
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| What is exponential growth? | Exponential is unlimited growth
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| What is logistic growth? | Logistic has limiting factors that make the population curve level off at carrying capacity
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| What type of biome has the greatest diversity of plant life? | Tropical rainforests
*Typically, the closer you get to the equator, the more diversity of life
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| In the nitrogen cycle? what organism converts atmospheric nitrogen into a form that can be used by living things? | Bacteria
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| In the phosphorus cycle, where is most of the phosphorus stored in the environment? | Rocks
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| Excess nutrient runoff, like from agriculture or factories, can cause what disruption in bodies of water downstream? | Harmful algae blooms
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| What is a chemical compound? | When two or more elements chemically combine, such as H2O or CO2
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| What are the three parts of an atom? (And their charges and location) | ⢠Neutron - neutral in nucleus
⢠Proton - positive in nucleus
⢠Electron - negative orbits around nucleus
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| What is a covalent bond? | A chemical bond in which electrons are shared
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| What element do all organic molecules contain? | Carbon
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| What are the four main classes of biological macromolecules? | ⢠Carbohydrates
⢠Lipids
⢠Proteins
⢠Nucleic acids
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| What are lipids and what are they made up of? | ⢠Fats, oils, and waxes
⢠Made up of fatty acids
⢠Long term energy storage and waterproof coating
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| What type of macromolecule is a starch such as glycogen? What monomer is it make up of? | ⢠Carbohydrate- made up of simple sugars or monosaccharides
⢠Glycogen is broken down into glucose for energy
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| What is the monomer of a nucleic acid? What are two examples? | ⢠Nucleotide
⢠DNA and RNA
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| What are the products (substrates) and reactants in chemical reactions? | Reactants > products
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| What is activation energy? How does lowering the activation energy affect a chemical reaction? | ⢠The amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction
⢠Lowering the activation energy makes the reaction happen easier or quicker - enzymes do this
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| What are enzymes? What is meant by the âlock and keyâ model? | ⢠Proteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy
⢠One enzyme for one specific reaction - they arenât interchangeable
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| Know the differences and similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells |
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| What is the function of the nucleus? | Holds DNA
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| What is the function for the rough er? | Transportation for proteins made at ribosomes
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| What is the function of mitochondria? | Converts glucose into energy (ATP)
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| What is the function of the lysosome? | Cleans old worn-out parts of the cell
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| What are the functions of the chloroplast? | Site of photosynthesis and converts sunâs energy into glucose
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| What is the function of the cilia and flagella? | For movement (or movement of stuff outside of the cell)
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| What are the principles of cell theory? |
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| ⢠Organisms are made of one or more cells
⢠Cells are the basic unit of life
⢠Cells come from pre- existing cells
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| What happens to cells in hypotonic solutions? | Cell swells
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| What happens to cells in hypertonic solutions? | Cell shrinks
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| What happens to cells in isotonic solutions? | Nothing - stays same
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| What are examples and characteristics of passive transport? | ⢠No energy
⢠High > low
⢠With the gradient
â Diffusion
â Facilitated diffusion
â Osmosis
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| What are examples and characteristics of active transport? | ⢠Require energy (ATP)
⢠Low > high
⢠Against the gradient
â Pumps
â Exocytosis
â Endocytosis
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| Know the fluid mosaic model and how phospholipids and other substances move around within the plasma membrane |
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| What molecule is the energy source for cells? | ATP
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| What macromolecule that we eat an broken down to make ATP? | ⢠Carbohydrates are broken down into simple sugars such as glucose
⢠Glycogen is the form of carbohydrate stored in your body that can break down into glucose
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| What is the chemical equation that represents photosynthesis? | CO2 + H2O -> C6H12O6 + O2
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| What organelle is the site of photosynthesis and why is it found primarily in leaves? | ⢠Chloroplasts
⢠Leaves have a large surface area exposed to the sunlight
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| What is the pigment that captures sunlight during photosynthesis? | Chlorophyll
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| What is the chemical equation that represents cellular respiration? | C6H12O6 + 6 O2 -> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP
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| What is the relationship between the products and reactants in those two equations? | ⢠Opposites
⢠The reactants of one are the products of the other
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| What are three factors that limit cell size? | ⢠Getting enough nutrients
⢠Expelling enough wastes
⢠Transport of substances
(High surface area to volume ratio in small cells is beneficial)
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| Describe the main events that occur during interphase. | ⢠Growth and normal cell functions
⢠DNA replication
⢠Checking DNA and preparing to divide
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| What happens during mitosis? What happens during each stage? (PMAT) | â¢Prophase â nuclear membrane disappears and chromosomes condense. Spindle begins to form
â¢Metaphase â chromosomes line in middle
â¢Anaphase â sister chromatids pulled apart
â¢Telophase â sister chromatids arrive at poles and new nuclear mem
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| What is cancer? | ⢠Uncontrolled cell cycle
⢠Rapidly dividing cells
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| What are sister chromatids? | The two sides of the chromosome that contain identical copies of DNA, held together at the centromere
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| What is chromatin? | Relaxed version of DNA in interphase
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| What are chromosomes? | Condensed version of tightly coiled and packed DNA that moves around during cell division
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| What makes the chromosomes line up at the equator or move around during mitosis? | Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres and pull on chromosomes to move them where they need to go
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| How many chromosomes are in the two resulting daughter cells after mitosis and cytokinesis? | ⢠The same number as the original cell
⢠In mitosis, the daughter cells are genetically identical to the original call, therefore if the original cell had 14 chromosomes, the daughter cells have 14 chromosomes
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| What is the main function of mitosis? | To create identical cells to repair damaged cells or for organism growth
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