Semester 1 Final Exam
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| what cell parts are found in plant cells only? | cell wall and chloroplasts
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| How are vacuoles different in plant and animal cells? | Plant cells usually have one large vacuole for storing water, Animal cells have multiple smaller ones.
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| Do plant and animal cells have a cell membrane? | Yes. In plant cells the cell membrane is usually pushed up against the cell wall (so it isn't visible).
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| ____ is the central portion of the cell, it contains DNA which controls the cells activities | nucleus
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| The flexible boundary of the cell is the _____. It controls which substances enter and leave the cell | cell membrane
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| The _______ is a rigid outer cell boundary that provides support to the plant. | cell wall
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| The jelly-like filler of the cells is called _____. | cytoplasm
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| ____ are small, round, green organelles that capture sunlight for photosynthesis (plants only) | chloroplasts
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| Sac-like structures that can store water, food or waste are caleld _____. | vacuoles
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| _____ are oval-shaped structures that break down nutrients for the cell to have energy. | mitochondria
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| _____ are small structures that make proteins. | ribosomes
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| What happens to a cell in salt water? | Water will leave the cell. You saw this in lab with Elodea, in which the cell membrane pulled away from the cell wall. This leaves the organelles bunched in the middle.
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| What does the cell theory state? | all living things are made of one or more cells; cells are the basic unit of structure AND function; all cells come from pre-existing cells
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| an opening between two guard cells | stoma (plural = stomata)
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| a pair of sausage/oval shaped cells on lower surface of most leaves that control formation of stomata | guard cells
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| process by which chlorophyll containing cells (chloroplasts) trap and use energy from the sun to combine carbon dioxide and water into glucose for food, releasing oxygen as a waste product | photosynthesis
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| food produced through photosynthesis, stored in the plant cells until needed | glucose
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| tightly packed cells under the upper epidermis that contains lots of chloroplasts for photosynthesis | palisade cells
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| loose area of cells under the palisades, providing room for gasses to travel within the leaf | spongy layer
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| What are the ingredients for photosynthesis? | energy from sunlight, water from roots, carbon dioxide from air (and chloroplasts in leaf cells)
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| What is formed during photosynthesis? | glucose and oxygen
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| What comes in stomata? | carbon dioxide
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| What goes out stomata? | water and oxygen
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| An indicator used to detect the presence of carbon dioxide | Bromothymol blue (BTB)
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| A series of reactions in which glucose is "burned" with oxygen to release ENERGY to be stored for life activities | cellular respiration
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| What are the reactants (ingredients) of cellular respiration? | oxygen and glucose
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| What are the products of cellular respiration? | energy, carbon dioxide and water
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| Where does respiration occur? | In the mitochondria of all cells.
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| How does ventilation (breathing) relate to cellular respiration? | Inhalation delivers oxygen to the body, which can be used for respiration. The waste carbon dioxide produced by the body during respiration is expelled during exhalation.
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| the common pigment in plants | chlorophyll
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| what colors of light does chlorophyll absorb | mostly red and blue, since green is reflected
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| What is the a small molecule produced by cellular respiration that acts as energy currency for the cell | ATP
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| movement of substances (due to random motion of molecules) from high to low concentration resulting in them spreading out to a more equal concentration | diffusion
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| what is osmosis? | diffusion of water across a membrane
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| What happens if a cell is surrounded by a solution that has LESS water than on the inside? | the water will leave the cell - it will shrink
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| What happens if a cell is surrounded by a solution that has MORE water than on the inside? | the water will enter the cell - it will swell
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| what is a Chemical Change? | a change when one or more substances form new substances; also resulting in new properties
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| what is a chemical reaction? | a specific example of a chemical change
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| What are signs of a chemical reaction? | color change, odor change, production of a gas or precipitate, release of heat/energy or absorption of heat/energy
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| a reaction that absorbs heat energy | endothermic
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| a reaction that releases heat energy | exothermic
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| what is a Physical Change? | a change in appearance of a substance, but it stays the same substance, such as boiling, ripping, melting or dissolving
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| substances that form during the chemical reaction | product
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| substances that react chemically | reactant
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| a substances that is dissolved IN another | solute
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| a mixture in which the two substances are indistinguishable (one or more substances are completely dissolved in another) | solution
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| a substance that is dissolving another, usually water | solvent
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| Smallest unit of matter | atom
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| atoms of two or more elements chemically joined | compound
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| has all identical atoms | element
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| multiple elements and/or compounds physically not chemically joined | mixture
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| A single unit of a pure substance (elements or compounds) | molecule
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| Examples of compounds | CO2, H2O, glucose, NaCl (salt)
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| 6 kingdoms | archaebacteria, eubacteria, protista, fungi, plantae, animalia
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| smallest unit of a living thing; building blocks of life | cells
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| how are eukaryotic cells different than prokaryotic cells? | Eukaryotic have a nucleus, Prokaryotic do not
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| What are characteristics of ALL living things? | growth and development; response to stimuli, reproduce, use energy and are made of cell(s)
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| maintaining a life supporting system; keeping a steady internal environment (know if an example of this) | homeostasis
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| levels of classification (in order) | kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species
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| What are correct levels of organization in an organism from smallest to largest? | (molecule)--> cell--> tissue--> organ--> organ system--> organism
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| an organism that makes its own food through photosynthesis | producer
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| response | a reaction to a stimulus
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| species | one type of an organisms; can interbreed and have fertile offspring
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| stimulus | a change in the environment that causes a response
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| temp, food, oxygen, water | examples of variables that affect an organism's ability to stay alive, must be "maintained"
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| What are three parts of a conclusion? | CER - Claim, Evidence and Reasoning
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| What goes in a claim? | the direct answer to the experimental question
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| What is the evidence? | data and observations that support the claim
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| What goes in reasoning? | scientific explanation for why those results happen
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