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| What is hematology? | The study of blood and blood forming organs and includes blood disorders.
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| Making of cells | Hematopoiesis
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| Blood volume | 6-8 liters of blood.
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| Components of blood. | Plasma : water 90-92%.
Proteins: 6-7%
Other : 2-3%
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| Red Blood Cells | Lab analysis of rbc: that the number is called the Hematocrit. RBC contain Hemoglobin which allow for oxygen transport. (Bohr effect)
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| White Blood Cells | Perform Phagocytosis. WBC count increases with infection.
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| Disease in which the body destroys good and bad? | Autoimmune disease.
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| Inflammatory process. | Platelets-clotting mechanism. (Thrombocytopenia, Thrombocytosis)
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| Hemostasis | Controlling blood loss by: vascular spasm, platelet plug, stable fibrin blood clots.
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| Blood Types. | Based on antigens A, B, AB, O.
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| Which blood type is universal donor? | O
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| What blood type is universal recipient? | AB
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| Disease of the red blood cells. Signs and symptoms may not be present until the body is stressed. Treat symptoms. Must maximize oxygenation and limit blood loss. IV therapy if indicated. | Anemias.
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| Sickle Cell Disease. | Sickle Cell crisis is Vaso-occlusive. 2 large bore IV's with bolus & Morphine for vasodilation and pain.
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| Polycythemia | Over production of erythrocytes. Occurs in pt's over 50 or with secondary dehydration. Results in bleeding abnormalities: epistaxis, spontaneous bruising, GI bleed.
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| Too few wbc or neutrophils. | Leukopenia / Neutropenia.
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| An increase in the number of circulating wbc, often due to infection. | Leukocytosis
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| Leukemia | Cancer of hematopoietic cells. Acutely ill. Fatigued. Weak. Anemic. Often have secondary infection. Use isolation precautions to limit risk of infection.
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| Lymphomas | Cancers of the lymphatic sys. S/S: swollen lymph nodes. Fever. Night sweats. Weight loss. Fatigue. Pruritus. Use isolation precautions to limit risk of infection.
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| An abnormal increase in the number of platelets. | Thrombocytosis.
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| An abnormal decrease in the number of platelets. | Thrombocytopenia.
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| Hemophilia. | Deficiency or absence of a blood clotting factor. Deficiency is a sex linked, inherited disorder. Defective gene is carried on the X chromosome. S/S: multiple bruises. Deep muscle bleeding. Joint bleeding.
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| Deficiency of factor 8 causes... | Hemophilia A.
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| Deficiency of factor 9 causes.... | Hemophilia B
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| Cancerous disorder of plasma cells. | Multiple myeloma.
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