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review for final

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
In keeping with the ALARA concept, most health care facilities issue personnel dosimetry devices when personnel might receive about _______ of the annual occupational EfD limit in any 1 month, or approximately 0.5 mSv (50 mrem).   show
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show Individual wearing the device  
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show False  
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A personnel dosimeter must be able to detect and record both small and large exposures in a consistent and reliable manner. T or F   show
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Dosimeters are an indication of an individual’s working habits, and an indication of working conditions in the facility T or F   show
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The metal filters contained in a film badge are generally composed of what materials?   show
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Which device contains an aluminum oxide detector?   show
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The _____ sensitivity of the OSL dosimeter makes it ideal for monitoring employees working in low-radiation environments and for pregnant workers.   show
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show Pocket ionization chamber  
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What instrument is called a cutie pie?   show
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show True  
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show An audio amplifier and speaker  
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Field survey instruments are all equally sensitive in the detection of ionizing radiation. T or F   show
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show True  
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What is the maximum period of time that a thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) may be worn as a personnel dosimeter?   show
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show These devices are all used for personnel monitoring  
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show Geiger-Müller detector  
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show Some of the electrons in the crystalline lattice structure of the LiF molecule absorb energy are excited to a higher energy level or band  
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Ionization assist physicist with these tests: X-ray output in mR/mAs Reproducibility and linearity of output Timer accuracy T or F   show
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Filters found in ODL dosimeters are: Aluminum, copper, and tin. T or F   show
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An electrometer is a device that measures:   show
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show True  
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A disadvantage of the OSL dosimeter is that the exposure cannot be determined on the day of occurrence T or F   show
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show True  
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The OSL dosimeter is “read out” by using:   show
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The advantages of the OSL dosimeter are that is can be used for up to 1 year, it is lightweight, durable, easy to carry, and in a self-contained, preloaded packet. T or F   show
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show Estimation of the energy of the radiation reaching the badge  
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What dosimeters allows a radiation worker to determine occupational exposure received as soon as a specific radiologic procedure is completed?   show
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Dosimetry badge readings that exceed a trigger level set by the health care facility are investigated to ascertain the cause of the reading. T or F   show
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The TLD readout process destroys the information stored in the TLD. T or F   show
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show radiation-free area in imaging area  
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When negatively and positively charged electrodes in the pocket ionization chamber are exposed to ionizing radiation, the mechanism does what happens?   show
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Holistic patient care must begin with effective communication between the radiographer and the radiologist. T or F   show
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What types of gonadal shielding provide the best protection for a male patient when anteroposterior, oblique, and lateral projections are obtained?   show
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Specific-area shielding may be selectively used during some x-ray procedures to protect which of the following? 1. Lens of the eye 2. Breast 3. Extremities   show
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What must always be the first step in protection of the reproductive organs?   show
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In a remote-control fluoroscopic room where the x-ray tube is located above the patient, protective shielding should be placed where?   show
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show 3x's more  
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show higher kvp, lower mAs, increased filtration  
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When automatic exposure control (AEC) is not used, then to ensure uniform selection of technical x-ray exposure factors, efficient imaging departments should have standardized technique charts for each x-ray unit T or F   show
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Poorly processed images on radiographic film will deteriorate over time. T or F   show
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show True  
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The genetically significant dose (GSD) for the population of the United States is about _____ mSv (_____ mrem).   show
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In fluoroscopy, the amount of radiation that a patient receives is usually estimated by measuring the radiation exposure rate at the tabletop and multiplying this by the:   show
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The patient’s skin and possibly the gonads receive a double radiation dose anytime a repeat image is performed. T or F   show
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Thermoluminescent dosimeters are the sensing devices most often used to measure skin dose directly. T or F   show
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According to American College of Radiology abdominal radiologic exams that have been requested after full consideration of the clinical status of a patient, including the possibility of pregnancy, need not be postponed or selectively scheduled. T or F   show
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In the event that a pregnant patient is inadvertently irradiated, the _____ should perform the calculations necessary to determine fetal dose.   show
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show 20  
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Because most medical procedures result in fetal exposures less than 1 rad, the risk of abnormality is small. T or F   show
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Pediatric patients require special consideration and appropriate radiation protection procedures because they are more vulnerable to both the late somatic effects and genetic effects of radiation. T or F   show
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If a child is placed in a CT scanner and adult protocols are used, the child will receive a dose that is _______ than an adult   show
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show True  
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show True  
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show about the same  
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The product of x-ray electron tube current and the amount of time in seconds during which the x-ray beam is activated results in mAs. T or F   show
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show True  
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Mobile C-arm fluoroscopy, interventional procedures that use high-level-control fluoroscopy, and mobile radiographic examinations increase the radiographer’s risk of exposure to ionizing radiation. T or F   show
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Diagnostic imaging personnel receive the highest occupational exposure during which of the following procedures? 1. Fluoroscopy 2. Mobile radiography 3. Special procedures   show
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show 1 and 3  
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Which of the following are radiation sources that can be generated in a diagnostic x-ray room? 1. Primary radiation 2. Scattered radiation 3. Leakage radiation   show
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show increases significantly  
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show True  
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Diagnostic imaging personnel may receive an annual occupational effective dose of _________ for whole-body exposure during routine operations   show
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show workload  
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show True  
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show True  
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Which of the following radiation sources is the control booth barrier not intended to intercept in a diagnostic x-ray room? 1. Leakage radiation 2. Primary radiation 3. Scattered radiation   show
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show 0.5 mSv (0.05 rem)  
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Of the devices listed below, which eliminates nonuseful low-energy photons from the primary beam? 1. Collimator light source 2. Electronic sensors 3. Aluminum filtration   show
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Which of the following methods and devices reduce(s) the radiographer’s exposure during a fluoroscopic examination? 1. Adequate x-ray beam collimation 2. Control of technical exposure factors 3. Use of a remote control fluoroscopic system   show
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During C-arm fluoroscopy, the exposure rate caused by scatter near the entrance surface of the patient (x-ray tube side) _____________ the exposure rate caused by scatter near the exit surface of the patient (image intensifier side).   show
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show 1/16-inch lead, 7 feet  
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Protective shielding for an uncontrolled area (hall or corridor frequented by the general public) must ensure that the maximal EqD for that area is no greater than ___________ per week.   show
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Distance is the most effective means of protection from ionizing radiation. Imaging personnel receive significantly less exposure by standing farther away from a source of radiation because there is a significant decrease in the radiation level. T or F   show
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If the intensity of the x-ray is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source, how does the intensity of the x-ray beam change when the distance from the source of radiation and a measurement point is quadrupled?   show
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Exposure from radiation-related jobs will not alter the genetically significant dose because the workforce in radiation-related jobs is small when compared with the population as a whole. T or F   show
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The annual effective dose limit for the general population not occupationally exposed is 1 mSv (0.1 rem) and natural background and 5 mSv (0.5 rem) for infrequent annual exposure. T or F   show
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The lifetime effective dose in mSv should not exceed 10 times the occupationally exposed person’s age in years. T or F   show
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show True  
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During any diagnostic x-ray examination, the patient becomes a source of scattered radiation as a consequence of the Compton interaction process. Scattered radiation poses the greatest occupational hazard in diagnostic radiology. T or F   show
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Leakage radiation and scattered radiation are forms of_____ radiation   show
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Protective lead aprons and shielded barriers function as __________ shields for diagnostic imaging personnel   show
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Pregnant diagnostic imaging department staff members must immediately stop performing their respective duties and discontinue employment as a consequence of pregnancy. T or F   show
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Maternity protective aprons consist of 5 mm lead equivalent over their entire length and width and also have an extra 1-mm lead-equivalent panel that runs transversely across the width of the apron to provide added safety for the embryo/fetus. T or F   show
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Diagnostic x-rays should scatter a minimum of two times before reaching any area behind the control booth barrier. T or F   show
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show 0.25-mm thickness of lead  
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show 0.35 mm  
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show True  
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show Scattered radiation above the tabletop  
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show reduced  
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For C-arm devices with similar fields of view, the dose rate to personnel located within a meter of the patient is _______ .   show
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During fluoroscopy, which of the following will provide radiation protection for the radiographer and the radiologist? 1. Adequate collimation 2. Use of high-speed image receptor systems 3. Use of a cumulative timing device   show
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Radiographers and nonoccupationally exposed individuals should never stand in the useful beam to restrain a patient during a radiographic procedure. T or F   show
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show 1/1000  
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show Beam direction factor  
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show Use factor  
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The maximum weekly permitted equivalent dose for a controlled area must not exceed _____ microsieverts (_____ mrem).   show
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Most facilities’ x-ray room doors have attenuation for diagnostic energy x-ray equivalent to that provided by a 1/32 inch of lead. T or F   show
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______ is the radiation output weighted time that the unit is actually delivering radiation during the week.   show
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