68WM6 Test 2 Study Guide
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| What is the dermis? | The thick inner layer of the skin composed mainly of fibrous connective tissue.
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| Sebaceous Gland | Skin gland that secretes sebum (oil)
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| Pseudostratified Tissue | Single layer of tall cells that wedge together to appear as if there are two are more layers.
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| Where can you find pseudostratified tissue? | Surface lining on the trachea
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| What is the function of pseudostratified tissue? | Protection
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| Fibroblasts | Type of cell that synthesizes the extracellular matrix and collagen.The most common type of connective tissues.
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| Neuron | A nerve cell.
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| Mitosis | Division of a somatic cell nucleus in the process of forming two genetically identical cells.
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| Diffusion | Movement of carbon dioxide out of all cells.
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| Cutaneous | pertaining to the skin.
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| Piloerection | goosebumps!!
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| Healing of an Epidermal Wound | Shallow break in skin which results in rapid mytosis.
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| Stratified Transitional Tissue | Many layers of varying transitional shapes capable of stretching.
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| Where can you find Stratified Transitional Tissue? | In the urinary bladder.
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| Filtration | Movement of small molecules through a membrane by a hydrostatic pressure while large molecules are restricted.
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| What are the four stages of mitosis? | 1.Prophase 2.Metaphase 3.Anaphase 4.Telophase
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| Endoplasmic Reticulum | Organelle composed of a system of connected membranous tubules and vessicles, along which protein is synthesized.
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| Dialysis | Separation of smaller (diffusable) particles from larger (non-diffusable) particles through a semipermeable membrane.
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| Deoxyribonucleic Acid | DNA - genetic material a double stranded polymer-stranded polymer of nucleotides.
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| Inflammation | Dilation of blood vessels in affected tissues.Skin is reddened, swollen, and painful to touch.
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| Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) | Organic molecule that stores and releases energy which may be used in cellular processes.
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| Apocrine Gland | Type of gland whose secretions contain parts of secretory cells "sweat gland"
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| Simple Columnar Tissue | Single layer of tall narrow cells.
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| Collagen | Protein in connective tissue and in bone matrix.
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| Keratinization | Process by which cells form fibrils of Keratin and harden.
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| Eccrine Glands | Respond to an elevated body temperature, environmental heat or physical exercise.Common on the forehead, neck, and back.
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| Epitheal Tissue | Covers body surfaces & organs. Forms inner lining of body cavities & lines hollow organs.Lacks blood vessels. Cells are tightly packed.
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| Exocytosis | Exo(external) cytosis (cell)
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| Exocytosis is defined as? | A process in which a cell directs the contents of secretory vessicles out of the cell membrane. Ex: hormones
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| Phagocytosis | Process by which a cell engulfs and digests solids. (literally cell eating)
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| The visible part of hair is called what? | The SHAFT!
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| Mitochondria | threadlike structures
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| Pinocytosis | Process by which a cell engulfs droplets of fluid from its surroundings.(cell drinking)
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| Telophase | Stage in which newly formed cells separate.
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| Transcription | Manufacturing a complimentary RNA from DNA
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| Organelle | Part of a cell that performs a specialized function.
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| Endocytosis | The process by which cells absorb molecules from outside the cell by engulfing it with their cell membrane.
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| Nucleoplasm | A special type of cytoplasm found in the nucleus.
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| Osteon | Cylinder shaped unit including bone cells that surround a central canal.
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| Collagenous Cells | Thick threads of protien collagen grouped in long parallel bundles. Flexible but only elastic. Provides great tensile strength.
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| Dentrite | Process of a neuron that recieves input from other neurons.
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| Cytoplasm | Contents of a cell exluding the nucleus and cell membrane.
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| Cuboidal | cell shape resembling a cube.
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| Basement Membrane | Layer of extracellular matrix that anchors epithelial tissue to underlying connective tissues.
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| Keratin | Protien in epidermis hair and nails.
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| What are the 4 major tissue types? | 1.Epithelial 2.Connective 3.Muscle 4.Nervous
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| Stratum Basale | The deepest layer of the epidermis. Contains cells undergoing mitosis. These cells are nourished by dermal blood vessels.
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| Epidermis | The epidermis is stratified squamous epithelial tissues. The outermost layer of the epidermis composed of dead cells. The bottom is composed of living cells.
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| Osmosis | Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane in response to a concentration gradient.
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| Areolar | Connective tissue consisting of fibers and a cariety of cells embedded in a loose matrix of soft sticky gel.
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| Integumentary System | The skin and accessory organs.
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| Which gland is responsible for sweat? | Sudoriferous gland
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| Subcutaneous Layer (Hypodermis) | Composed of loose connective tissue and adipose tissue; lies beneath the dermis.
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| Adipose tissue helps conserve_____and to store____. | heat and to store energy
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| Metaphase | Stage in mitosis when chromosomes align in the middle of the cell.
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| Matrix | Intercellular substance of a tissue (not the corny movie)
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| Crenation | Abnormal notching in an erthrocyte resulting from shrinkage oafter suspension in a hypertonic solution.
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| Sudoriferous Glands | Sweat Glands
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| Nucleus | Cellular organelle enclosed by a double layered, porous membrane and containing DNA; the dense core of an atom composed of protons and neutrons.
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| Spindle Fiber | A network of tubules formed in the cytoplasm between the centrioles as they are moving away from eachother.
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| Elastic Cells | Composed of protein, thin fibers branch forming complex networks.
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| Glandular Tissue | Cells that are specialized to produce and secrete substances into ducts or into body fluids.
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| Facilitated Diffusion | Movement of particles through a membrane from an area of low concentration by the use of CARRIER MOLECULES!!! Byah!
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| Anaphase | Stage in mitosis when duplicate chromosomes move to opposite poles of cell.
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| Lysosome | Organelle that contains difestive enzymes.
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| Adipose | Fat storing tissue
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| Squamous | Flat or platelike
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| Columnar | Cells are taller than wide.
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| Arector Pili Muscle | Smooth muscle in skin associated with a hair follicle.
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| Collagen | Principle organic constituent of connective tissue. Yargh!
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| Cilia | Microscopic hairlike processes on the exposed surfaces of certain epithelial cells.
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| Chromatin | DNA and complexed protein that condenses to form chromosomes during mitosis.
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| Chromatid | One half of a replicated chromosome
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| Chondrocyte | Cartilage cell
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| Centriole | Cellular organelle built of microtubules that organizes the mitotic spindle
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| Axon | Nerve fiber conducts a nerve impulse away from a neuron cell body.
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| Nucleolus | A small structure within the cell nucleus that contains RNA and proteins.
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| Melanocytes | Melanin producing cell.
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| Hair Follicle | Tubelike depression in the skin in which a hair develops.
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| Lyse | Disintrigation of a cell.
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| Epidermis | Outer epithelial layer of the skin.
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| Ribosome | Organelle composed of RNA and protein that is a structural support for protein synthesis and includes RNA molecules that function as enzymes.
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| Interphase | Period between two cell divisions when a cell metabolizes and prepares to divide.
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