Cell Biology
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| What do ALL cells have in common? | Cytoplasm and cell membrane
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| What are some exceptions to cell theory? | There are three main examples:
1) Skeletal muscle ): larger [300mm] cells with hundreds of nuclei
2) Giant algae ): 100 mm BT ONE cell!
3) Aseptate Fungi ): consist of hyphae; "long" cell with cytoplasm and many nuclei
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| What should you remember when asked to DRAW on exams? | 1) Ruler
2) Sharp/straight lines
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| What should you remember when asked to LABEL on exams? | Use lines drawn with rules instead of arrows
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| What are the universal FUNCTIONS OF LIFE in all cells? | Nutrition
Excretion
Reproduction
Metabolism
Growth
Homeostasis
Response
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| Why does a cell need excretion? | To get rid of waste products from metabolism e.g. CO2 (hums)
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| How does cells get nutrition and why? | By e.g. ingestion/production because of energy for metabolism
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| How do cells reproduce? | asexual or sexual with mitosis and/or miosis
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| What is metabolism? | normal cell function + catabolism/anabolism
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| What is essentially growth in cells? | Become larger due to nutrition
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| What is response in cells, examples? | Response in cells are to stimuli.
E.g. change direction when hit a solid object or move towards light
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| What is homeostasis? | Keeping internal conditions within limits, e.g. with waste products and
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| What problems do cells face regarding surface area to volume ratio? | if the SURFACE AREA is too BIG, then the rate of production/use is too low
if the VOLUME is too BIG, then the rate of substance in and out become limited and may overheat
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| What are two advantages of being multicellular? | 1) Avoid too large cells i.e. volume & surface area
2) Divide the work by differentiation; organelles conduct specific tasks instead of 1 cell
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| What are emergent properties in cells? | All the cellular components work together in symbiosis = 'the whole is greater than the sum of its parts'
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| What is differentiation in cells? | During a cell's development, it uses only the genes in its genome relevant to carry out its intended purpose. E.g. genes for making haemoglobin only used in red blood cells.
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| What are stem cells? | Special cells that
1) Divide rapidly
2) Can differentiate into many purposes
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| What happens when stem cells commit themselves to a pathway? | It can no longer differentiate, and is thus not a stem cell anymore.
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| Where do we find and not find stem cells? | Find in:
1) Embryo
2) Most adult tissues
Not in:
1) Brain
2) Heart
3) Kidney
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| What is the advantage of stem cells in adult tissues? | Repair and formation of the tissue is extremely fast
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| Why do embryos initally consist of nearly (?) only stem cells? | Because the cells in the embryo will differentiate into different tissues/cells in a human body
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| What can stem cells be used for in science? | Replace damaged tissue in therapeucy e.g. nerves, brain, heart.
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Created by:
Henrik
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