skeletal
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| functions of skeletal system | support, protects, movement, hematopoiesis
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| four major types of bones | long(humerus) short(carpals) flat (frontal) irregular (spinal)
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| diaphysis or shaft | hollow tube of hard compact bone (shaft of long bone)
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| epiphyses or end of long bone | made of spongy bone that contains red bone marrow
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| hematopoiesis occurs | ends of long bones
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| structure of flat bones | thin layer of compact bone surrounding cancellous (spongy or diploe) bone Open spaces within spongy bone are surrounded by bony trabeculae
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| compact bone | structural unit is an osteon calcified matrix arranged in multiple layers or rings covered by periosteum (dense)
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| bone cells | osteocytes
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| spongy bones | found in epiphyses of bones appears porous spaces contain red blood marrow texture results from trabeculae
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| osteoblasts | bone building cells
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| Bone remodeling | continuing "sculpting " by osteoblasts and osteoclasts bones giving the abiltiy to ossify, grow, change shape, heal
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| skeleton can still grow as long as there is | cartilage left in the epiphyseal plate
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| epiphyseal line (bone) replaces ? when growth ceases | epiphyseal plate (cartliage)
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| sternum and sacrum are part of the | axial skeleton
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| appendicular skeleton (126) bones | upper extremities- shoulder (pectoral) girdle lower extremities- hip (pelvic) girdle
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| skeletal divisons | axial and appendicular
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| true ribs | pairs 1-7 attached to sternum
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| false ribs | pairs 8-10 , attached to cartilage 7
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| floating ribs | pairs 11-12, no anterior attachment
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| shape of pelvis | male pelvis deep and narrow female broad and shallow
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| pubic angle in female | female wider for baby to pass (greater than 90 degrees)
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| osteoporosis | loss of calicified bone matrix bones fracture easily occurs most in postmenopausal woman with calcium deficiencies
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| rickets and osteomalacia | both characterized by loss of bone minerals related to vitamin D.
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| rickets | bowing of legs because of insufficient amount of vitamin D in children. Prevents bone mineralization
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| osteoarthritis | deterioration of the bone in a joint through wear and tear.
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| Rheumatoid arthritis | an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system attacks the joints causing swelling, pain, inflammation.
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| osteoclast | cell that breaks down bone (resorption)
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| collagen | the organic component that makes up the fibers in bones.
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| Calcium phosphate | The inorganic mineral composition of bone
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