chapter 6 muscles
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| contractility | the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force
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| excitability | the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus
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| extensibility | the ability to be stretched
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| elasticity | ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched
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| each skeletal muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called the... | epimysium
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| fascia | another connective tissue located outside the epimysium
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| what are surrounded by loose connective tissue | perimysium
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| the fasciculi are composed of single muscle cells called... | fibers
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| each fiber is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called the... | endomysium
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| the cytoplasm of each fiber is filled with | myofibrils
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| myobibrils | a threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other
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| myofibrils consist of 2 major kinds of protein fibers called | actin myofilaments and myosin myofilaments
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| actin myofilaments | thin myofilaments.
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| myosin myofilimaents | thick myofilaments.
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| actin and myosin myofilaments form highly ordered units called... | sarcomeres
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| Each sacromere extends to.. | One Z line to another Z line
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| The charge difference across the membrane is called the... | Resting membrane potential
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| The brief reversal back of the charge is called... | Action potential
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| Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers... | Motor neurons
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| Each branch connects to the muscle forms a... | Neuromuscular junction or synapse near the center of the cell
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| A single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it inner ages are called... | Motor unit
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| The enlarged nerve terminal is the... | Presynaptic terminal
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| The space between he presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell is the... | Synaptic cleft
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| The muscle fiber is the... | Postynaptic terminal
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| Each presynaptic terminal contains... | Synaptic vesicles
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| Each presynaptic terminal contains synaptic vesicles that secrete a neurotransmitter called... | Acetylcholine
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| The acetylcholine released into the synaptic left between the neuron and muscle cell is rapidly broken down by enzymes called... | Acetylcholinesterase
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| The sliding of action myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction is called... | The sliding filament mechanism
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| The H and I bands shorten but the A band.. | Do not change in length
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| Muscle twitch | Is a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers
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| A muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level called... | Threshold
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| The phenomenon is called the... | All-or-none response
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| The time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction is the... | Lag phase
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| The time of contraction is the... | Contraction phase
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| The time during which the muscle relaxes is the... | Relaxation phase
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| Tetany | Where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing
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| The increase in number of motor units being activated is called... | Recruitment
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| ATP is needed for... | Energy for muscle contraction
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| ATP is producer in... | The mitochondria
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| ATP is ... | Short lived and unstable
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| When at rest they canât stockpile ATP but they can store another high-energy molecule called... | Creating phosphate
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| Anaerobic respiration | Without oxygen
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| Aerobic respiration | With oxygen
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| The â is the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish the depleted stores of creatine phosphate stores in muscle cells | Oxygen debt
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| â | Muscle fatigue
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| What are the 2 types of muscle contractions | Isometric and isotonic
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| The length of the muscle does not change, but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process | Isometric
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| The amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of the muscle changes | Isotonic
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| Muscle tone | Muscle tone refers to the constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time
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| Fast twitch fibers | Contract quickly and fatigue quickly
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| Slow twitch fibers | Contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue
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| The â is the most stationary end of the muscle | Origin
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| The â is the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement | Insertion
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| The portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion is the | Belly
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| Some muscles have multiple... | Origins or head
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| Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements are called... | Antagonists
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| Among a group of synergistic, if one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement, it is the... | Prime mover
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| Occipitofontalis | Raises the eyebrows
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| Orbicularis oculi | Closes the eye lids and causes âcrows feetâ wrinkles in the skin at the lateral corners of the eye.
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| Orbicularis oris | Pucker the lips
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| Buccinator | Flattens the cheeks
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| Zygomaticmaticus | Smiling muscle
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| Lavatory labii superioris | Sneering
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| Depressor Anguli oris | Frowning
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| Mastication | Chewing
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| What are the 4 pair of mastication muscles | 2 pairs of pterygoids, temporalis, and masseter
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| Intrinsic tongue muscles | Change the shape of the tongue
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| Extrinsic tongue muscles | Move the tongue
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| Sternlcleidomastoid | Lateral neck muscle and prime mover
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| Erector spinae | Group of muscles on each side of the back
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