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chapter 6 muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| contractility | the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force |
| excitability | the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus |
| extensibility | the ability to be stretched |
| elasticity | ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched |
| each skeletal muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called the... | epimysium |
| fascia | another connective tissue located outside the epimysium |
| what are surrounded by loose connective tissue | perimysium |
| the fasciculi are composed of single muscle cells called... | fibers |
| each fiber is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called the... | endomysium |
| the cytoplasm of each fiber is filled with | myofibrils |
| myobibrils | a threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other |
| myofibrils consist of 2 major kinds of protein fibers called | actin myofilaments and myosin myofilaments |
| actin myofilaments | thin myofilaments. |
| myosin myofilimaents | thick myofilaments. |
| actin and myosin myofilaments form highly ordered units called... | sarcomeres |
| Each sacromere extends to.. | One Z line to another Z line |
| The charge difference across the membrane is called the... | Resting membrane potential |
| The brief reversal back of the charge is called... | Action potential |
| Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers... | Motor neurons |
| Each branch connects to the muscle forms a... | Neuromuscular junction or synapse near the center of the cell |
| A single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it inner ages are called... | Motor unit |
| The enlarged nerve terminal is the... | Presynaptic terminal |
| The space between he presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell is the... | Synaptic cleft |
| The muscle fiber is the... | Postynaptic terminal |
| Each presynaptic terminal contains... | Synaptic vesicles |
| Each presynaptic terminal contains synaptic vesicles that secrete a neurotransmitter called... | Acetylcholine |
| The acetylcholine released into the synaptic left between the neuron and muscle cell is rapidly broken down by enzymes called... | Acetylcholinesterase |
| The sliding of action myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction is called... | The sliding filament mechanism |
| The H and I bands shorten but the A band.. | Do not change in length |
| Muscle twitch | Is a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers |
| A muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level called... | Threshold |
| The phenomenon is called the... | All-or-none response |
| The time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction is the... | Lag phase |
| The time of contraction is the... | Contraction phase |
| The time during which the muscle relaxes is the... | Relaxation phase |
| Tetany | Where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing |
| The increase in number of motor units being activated is called... | Recruitment |
| ATP is needed for... | Energy for muscle contraction |
| ATP is producer in... | The mitochondria |
| ATP is ... | Short lived and unstable |
| When at rest they canât stockpile ATP but they can store another high-energy molecule called... | Creating phosphate |
| Anaerobic respiration | Without oxygen |
| Aerobic respiration | With oxygen |
| The â is the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish the depleted stores of creatine phosphate stores in muscle cells | Oxygen debt |
| â | Muscle fatigue |
| What are the 2 types of muscle contractions | Isometric and isotonic |
| The length of the muscle does not change, but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process | Isometric |
| The amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of the muscle changes | Isotonic |
| Muscle tone | Muscle tone refers to the constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time |
| Fast twitch fibers | Contract quickly and fatigue quickly |
| Slow twitch fibers | Contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue |
| The â is the most stationary end of the muscle | Origin |
| The â is the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement | Insertion |
| The portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion is the | Belly |
| Some muscles have multiple... | Origins or head |
| Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements are called... | Antagonists |
| Among a group of synergistic, if one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement, it is the... | Prime mover |
| Occipitofontalis | Raises the eyebrows |
| Orbicularis oculi | Closes the eye lids and causes âcrows feetâ wrinkles in the skin at the lateral corners of the eye. |
| Orbicularis oris | Pucker the lips |
| Buccinator | Flattens the cheeks |
| Zygomaticmaticus | Smiling muscle |
| Lavatory labii superioris | Sneering |
| Depressor Anguli oris | Frowning |
| Mastication | Chewing |
| What are the 4 pair of mastication muscles | 2 pairs of pterygoids, temporalis, and masseter |
| Intrinsic tongue muscles | Change the shape of the tongue |
| Extrinsic tongue muscles | Move the tongue |
| Sternlcleidomastoid | Lateral neck muscle and prime mover |
| Erector spinae | Group of muscles on each side of the back |
Created by:
destinysmith76
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