Cell organelles, type of cells, plant and animal cells
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| Cell Membrane | Surrounds the cell, semi-permeable, and composed of proteins & lipids
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| Plasma Membrane | Cell Membrane
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| Receptor Proteins | Attach to hormones and neurotransmitters for cell communications
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| Transport Proteins | Move substances across the membranes
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| Cytoplasm | Watery substances that holds the organelles in place
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| Cyclosis | Movement of cytoplasm around the cell
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| Nucleolus | Produces ribosomes
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| Nuclear pores | Holes in the nuclear envelope for RNA and proteins to pass through
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| Nuclear Envelope | The membrane that surrounds the nucleus
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| Ribosomes | Where protein synthesis occurs
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| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | Channels in the cytoplasm that transport materials
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| Smooth ER | Contains no ribosomes
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| Rough ER | Contains ribosomes on the outside of it
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| Mitochondria | The site of cellular respiration; produces ATP
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| Golgi Apparatus / Body | Packages substances in vesicles that pinch off and works closely with the rough ER to transport proteins out of the cell
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| Cell Theory | 1. All living things are made up of cells
2. All cells carry out their own functions
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells
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| Exceptions to the Cell Theory | Viruses, Mitochondria & Chloroplasts, the first cell
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| Eukaryotes | These cells have a nucleus and contain specialized organelles
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| Prokaryotes | These cells have no nucleus, the DNA is clumped in the cytoplasm and do not usually have organelles
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| Unicellular Organism | Single celled organism
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| Multi cellular Organism | Made up of many different cells functioning together
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| Cell | The smallest structure and function unit of an organism
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| Tissue | Consists of specialized cells and their product
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| Organ | Made up of different tissues, it is usually self-contained and has a vital function for the organism
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| Organ System | A group of organs that work together to form one or more functions.
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| Organism | An individual comprised of many organ systems to allow the organism to survive.
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| Lysosomes | Vesicles containing digestive enzymes that is involved in digestion of food, breaking down old cell organelles and breaking down bacteria
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| Vacuoles | Sac used for storage. Plant = Few Large ones Animal = Many small ones
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| Food Vacuoles | Stores food
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| Contractile vacuole | Stores and pumps out extra water
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| Cell Wall | Surrounds & supports cell, composed of cellulose
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| Chloroplasts | Site of photosynthesis, contains chlorophyll (green color)
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| Chlorophyll | Green color in plant cells
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| Centrioles | Used in cell division
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| Concentration Gradient | Difference in concentration between 2 regions
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| Move with the Gradient | From High to Low concentration
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| Move against the Gradient | From Low to High concentration
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| Passive Transport | No energy needed, moves from high concentration to low concentration
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| Diffusion | Movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration
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| Osmosis | Movement of water from a high concentration to a low concentration
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| Isotonic | Equal concentration of water on outside and inside of cell; at equilibrium
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| Hypertonic | More water diffusing out of the cell than in to the cell
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| Hypotonic | More water diffusing into the cell than out of the cell
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| Active Transport | Needs energy to move materials, moves from low concentration to high concentration
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| Pinocytosis | The cell brings in small molecules or fluids into the cell
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| Phagocytosis | The cell brings large molecules into the cell
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