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Cells
Cell organelles, type of cells, plant and animal cells
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell Membrane | Surrounds the cell, semi-permeable, and composed of proteins & lipids |
| Plasma Membrane | Cell Membrane |
| Receptor Proteins | Attach to hormones and neurotransmitters for cell communications |
| Transport Proteins | Move substances across the membranes |
| Cytoplasm | Watery substances that holds the organelles in place |
| Cyclosis | Movement of cytoplasm around the cell |
| Nucleolus | Produces ribosomes |
| Nuclear pores | Holes in the nuclear envelope for RNA and proteins to pass through |
| Nuclear Envelope | The membrane that surrounds the nucleus |
| Ribosomes | Where protein synthesis occurs |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | Channels in the cytoplasm that transport materials |
| Smooth ER | Contains no ribosomes |
| Rough ER | Contains ribosomes on the outside of it |
| Mitochondria | The site of cellular respiration; produces ATP |
| Golgi Apparatus / Body | Packages substances in vesicles that pinch off and works closely with the rough ER to transport proteins out of the cell |
| Cell Theory | 1. All living things are made up of cells 2. All cells carry out their own functions 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells |
| Exceptions to the Cell Theory | Viruses, Mitochondria & Chloroplasts, the first cell |
| Eukaryotes | These cells have a nucleus and contain specialized organelles |
| Prokaryotes | These cells have no nucleus, the DNA is clumped in the cytoplasm and do not usually have organelles |
| Unicellular Organism | Single celled organism |
| Multi cellular Organism | Made up of many different cells functioning together |
| Cell | The smallest structure and function unit of an organism |
| Tissue | Consists of specialized cells and their product |
| Organ | Made up of different tissues, it is usually self-contained and has a vital function for the organism |
| Organ System | A group of organs that work together to form one or more functions. |
| Organism | An individual comprised of many organ systems to allow the organism to survive. |
| Lysosomes | Vesicles containing digestive enzymes that is involved in digestion of food, breaking down old cell organelles and breaking down bacteria |
| Vacuoles | Sac used for storage. Plant = Few Large ones Animal = Many small ones |
| Food Vacuoles | Stores food |
| Contractile vacuole | Stores and pumps out extra water |
| Cell Wall | Surrounds & supports cell, composed of cellulose |
| Chloroplasts | Site of photosynthesis, contains chlorophyll (green color) |
| Chlorophyll | Green color in plant cells |
| Centrioles | Used in cell division |
| Concentration Gradient | Difference in concentration between 2 regions |
| Move with the Gradient | From High to Low concentration |
| Move against the Gradient | From Low to High concentration |
| Passive Transport | No energy needed, moves from high concentration to low concentration |
| Diffusion | Movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration |
| Osmosis | Movement of water from a high concentration to a low concentration |
| Isotonic | Equal concentration of water on outside and inside of cell; at equilibrium |
| Hypertonic | More water diffusing out of the cell than in to the cell |
| Hypotonic | More water diffusing into the cell than out of the cell |
| Active Transport | Needs energy to move materials, moves from low concentration to high concentration |
| Pinocytosis | The cell brings in small molecules or fluids into the cell |
| Phagocytosis | The cell brings large molecules into the cell |
Created by:
CMacKay16
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